Publications by authors named "Niwakawa M"

Purposes: This study aimed to clarify the clinical outcomes of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the prostatic urethra.

Methods: Between August 2003 and January 2023, 428 patients with non-muscle-invasive UC received BCG treatment (Tokyo strain, 80 mg, ≥ 5 times) in our hospital; 39 had UC of the prostatic urethra. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of intravesical recurrence, progression (muscle-invasive bladder cancer [MIBC] or metastasis), and subsequent radical cystectomy after BCG treatment in patients with UC of the prostatic urethra.

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Introduction: Adrenal myelolipomas are uncommon benign adrenal tumors, which mostly occur unilaterally. We describe a rare case of giant bilateral adrenal myelolipoma mistaken for retroperitoneal liposarcoma.

Case Presentation: A 49-year-old man developed fever, left flank pain, and a large mass in his left abdomen.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study analyzed the effectiveness of whole genome sequencing (WGS) compared to whole exome sequencing (WES) in identifying driver alterations in cancer genomes, given that WES missed these changes in 27.8% of cases.
  • Researchers focused on 177 cancer samples previously classified as "driverless" by WES, finding that WGS successfully identified driver and likely driver alterations in 68.4% and 22.6% of those samples, respectively.
  • The most common genomic changes detected by WGS included oncogene amplification and tumor suppressor gene deletions, highlighting the significance of WGS in uncovering genetic alterations linked to tumor development.
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Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cumulative incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) recurrence and identify its risk factors in patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC).

Patients And Methods: We performed RC on 385 patients between September 2002 and February 2020. After excluding 20 patients-13 with simultaneous nephroureterectomy, 6 with distal ureteral stump positivity and 1 with urachal cancer-365 patients were included in the analysis.

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Objectives: We investigated the clinical outcomes of radical cystectomy without cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and identified factors affecting the effectiveness of cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (AC).

Methods: Between September 2002 and February 2020, 288 bladder cancer patients who did not receive NAC underwent radical cystectomy. We retrospectively analyzed the recurrence rates, primary recurrence sites, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) of 115 advanced bladder cancer patients (pT3-4 or pN1-3) who were divided into the AC and observation groups.

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Testicular epidermoid cysts have characteristic findings. Testicular tumor markers are negative in patients with epidermoid cysts. Clear margins and sole and small testicular tumors (20 mm or less) suggest the possibility of epidermoid cyst.

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Background/aim: Recently, inactivating somatic mutations of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling genes in cancers have been reported. However, few studies have been performed regarding the immunological analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in chromatin remodeling complex gene-mutated tumors. In the present study, we identified cancer patients harboring various mammalian SWI/SNF complex mutations and investigated the immunological features in those mutated cancers.

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Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a key marker for predicting the response of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and for screening Lynch syndrome (LS).

Aim: This study aimed to see the characteristics of cancers with high level of MSI (MSI-H) in genetic medicine and precision medicine.

Methods: This study analyzed the incidence of MSI-H in 1000 cancers and compared according to several clinical and demographic factors.

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Objectives: To determine the incidence and location of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

Methods: We performed radical cystectomy in 137 patients with bladder cancer between August 2014 and February 2020. Since 2014, we have had a policy to screen for deep vein thrombosis using lower extremity ultrasonography both before and after radical cystectomy.

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Project High-tech Omics-based Patient Evaluation (HOPE), which used whole-exome sequencing and gene expression profiling, was launched in 2014. A total of ~2,000 patients were enrolled until March 2016, and the survival time was observed up to July 2019. In our previous study, a tumor microenvironment immune type classification based on the expression levels of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD8B genes was performed based on four types: A, adaptive immune resistance; B, intrinsic induction; C, immunological ignorance; and D, tolerance.

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Background Immune-related hepatotoxicity is often regarded as immune-related hepatitis (irHepatitis) despite including immune-related sclerosing cholangitis (irSC). This study examined the clinical differences between irSC and irHepatitis. Methods A single-center retrospective study of 530 consecutive patients who received immunotherapy between August 2014 and April 2020 was performed.

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(Objectives) We evaluated the association between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and the efficacy of pembrolizumab therapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. (Methods) Data of 42 patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab between May 2018 and February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed to determine the association between irAEs and objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). (Results) IrAEs were observed in 19 patients (45.

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Purpose: We investigated the relationship between pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (pre-NLR) levels just before the initiation of treatment with pembrolizumab and clinical outcomes in platinum-resistant metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients treated with pembrolizumab.

Methods: Our study population comprised 78 patients diagnosed with metastatic UC and treated with pembrolizumab after platinum-based chemotherapy at our institutions between December 2017 and April 2019. We examined the relationships between pre-NLR levels just before pembrolizumab treatment and clinical outcomes.

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This study aimed to establish the Japanese Cancer Genome Atlas (JCGA) using data from fresh frozen tumor tissues obtained from 5143 Japanese cancer patients, including those with colorectal cancer (31.6%), lung cancer (16.5%), gastric cancer (10.

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Purpose: Reports frequently describe the worsening of oncologic outcome in patients who developed high-grade complications after curative surgery for esophageal, gastric, and breast cancers. We investigated the extent of this correlation in patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy (RC).

Methods: During 2002-2017, we performed 326 RC and urinary diversion procedures and collected data regarding complications in these patients within 90 days postoperatively.

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Background: Skeletal-related events (SRE) are common in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that includes bone metastasis. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of zoledronate with and without sunitinib, combined with radiotherapy, for the treatment of bone metastasis from RCC.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 62 RCC patients with bone metastasis, who had been treated with radiotherapy at our institution.

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We herein report a rare case of a 79-year-old man who presented with the simultaneous occurrence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) and renal cell carcinomas (RCC), without any other Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-associated lesions or any pertinent family history. Computed tomography showed vascular-rich solid lesions in the left kidney and the pancreatic tail, measuring 72 mm and 15 mm in size, respectively. Preoperatively, RCC with pancreatic metastasis was suspected and laparotomy was performed.

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Purpose: To determine major risk factors for bladder cancer (BC) recurrence after nephroureterectomy (Nux) by focusing on the pathologic appearances of tumors in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UUTUCs).

Methods: We performed 147 Nux procedures between November 2002 and September 2015. Forty-eight patients were excluded because of a history of BC (28 patients), previous or concurrent radical cystectomy (9 patients), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (5 patients), and other reasons (6 patients).

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Article Synopsis
  • AZD3514 is a new drug that targets the androgen receptor, showing potential in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
  • Two studies explored different dosing schedules: one with twice-daily doses and another with once-daily doses, while assessing patient responses and side effects.
  • Results indicate moderate effectiveness with some patients experiencing significant tumor response, despite high rates of nausea and vomiting, suggesting further research into this drug class is warranted.
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Persistent androgen synthesis under castration status in adrenal gland, testes and tumor cells is thought to be one of the major causes of development and progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Abiraterone acetate (AA), the prodrug of abiraterone, which is an inhibitor of androgen synthesis enzymes, was evaluated for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, preliminary efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with CRPC in a phase-1, open-label and dose-escalation study. Chemotherapy-naïve Japanese CRPC patients (N = 27) received one of four AA daily doses (250 mg [n = 9], 500 mg [n = 6], 1000 [1 h premeal] mg [n = 6] and 1000 [2 h postmeal] mg [n = 6]) continuously through 28-day treatment cycles.

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Background: This study aimed to determine the clinical benefit of neoadjuvant methotrexate, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and cisplatin (MVAC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with radical cystectomy.

Patients And Methods: Patients with MIBC (T2-4aN0M0) were randomised to receive two cycles of neoadjuvant MVAC followed by radical cystectomy (NAC arm) or radical cystectomy alone (RC arm). The primary end point was overall survival (OS).

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In January 2005, a 66-year-old man underwent radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder reconstruction for invasive bladder cancer. A total of 3 years after the cystectomy, left-side ureteral cancer was diagnosed, and a nephroureterectomy was carried out in May 2008. In October 2011, he complained of asymptomatic macroscopic hematuria.

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Tivozanib is a potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinases. A previous clinical trial in the EU and USA indicated that tivozanib at the maximum tolerated dose of 1.5 mg/day showed an antitumor activity in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

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A Phase III clinical trial has been started in Japan to determine the optimal treatment strategy for patients with high-grade pT1 bladder cancer who have pT0 histology after second transurethral resection. The aim of this trial is to demonstrate the non-inferiority of relapse-free survival (excluding Tis or Ta intravesical recurrence) for watchful waiting compared with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for pT0 after second transurethral resection. Patients with high-grade pT1 bladder cancer at the first registration and pT0 after second transurethral resection at the second registration are randomized to either a watchful waiting arm or an intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy arm.

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