The double pandemic: Examining cultural stress among Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To investigate patterns of cultural stress (racial discrimination and COVID stress) and their impact on ethnic identity and civic engagement among Asian American college students.

Method: 491 undergraduate students who self-identify as Asian American (female = 63.50%; = 20.

An intersectional examination of the impact of COVID-stress and discrimination on college students' resilience and mental health.

To investigate the impact of COVID-stress and discrimination on mental health among a group of diverse college students using an intersectional framework. One thousand six hundred seventy-one undergraduate students ( = 20.42,  = 2.

Bicarbonate transport of airway surface epithelia in luminally perfused mice bronchioles.

HCO secretion in distal airways is critical for airway mucosal defense. HCO/H transport across the apical membrane of airway surface epithelial cells was studied by measuring intracellular pH in luminally microperfused freshly dissected mice bronchioles. Functional studies demonstrated that CFTR, ENaC, Cl-HCO exchange, Na-H exchange, and Na-HCO cotransport are involved in apical HCO/H transport.

Thermodynamics and kinetics analyses of high CO absorption properties of LiNaSiO under various CO partial pressures.

The properties of Li3NaSiO4 as a CO2 absorbent were evaluated by thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray diffraction, which revealed that the CO2 absorption and desorption reaction, Li3NaSiO4 + CO2 ↔ LiNaCO3 + Li2SiO3, is reversible. In scanning-type TG under various CO2 partial pressures (P(CO2)), mass gain ascribed to CO2 absorption started from approximately 400 °C, irrespective of P(CO2). CO2 desorption was observed at a higher temperature, which was considered the approximate equilibrium temperature of the above-mentioned reaction.

Prosociality across adulthood: A developmental and motivational perspective.

Why do people contribute to the well-being of others? What promotes or hinders their contribution? Framed by expectancy-value theory and the motivational theory of life span development, we use data from the Midlife in the United States National longitudinal study (MIDUS I, II, and III) to examine how individuals' perceived contributions to the well-being of others develop across adulthood, in the related but distinct forms of overall prosociality (more other-focused) and generativity (more self-focused). Our findings show that prosociality and generativity display similar, yet distinct trajectories, peaking in midlife a decade apart from each other, when expectancy and value for prosocial behavior are highest. Moreover, expectancy as reflected in perceived control and control strivings, and value as indicated by agreeableness, predict individuals' prosociality and generativity.

Thermodynamic analyses of the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition in PrNdNiO under controlled oxygen partial pressures.

The behavior of the structural orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition of PrNdNiO, a candidate material for solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen permeation membranes, was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (TG), under controlled oxygen partial pressures, P(O). The structural phase transition temperature, T, of PrNdNiO increased with increasing Nd content, x, or increasing P(O). The phase transitions of all compositions involved discrete variations in the oxygen content, Δδ, which were observed in the TG curves under various P(O) values.

Oxide-ion conduction in the Dion-Jacobson phase CsBiTiNbO.

Oxide-ion conductors have found applications in various electrochemical devices, such as solid-oxide fuel cells, gas sensors, and separation membranes. Dion-Jacobson phases are known for their rich magnetic and electrical properties; however, there have been no reports on oxide-ion conduction in this family of materials. Here, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we show the observation of fast oxygen anionic conducting behavior in CsBiTiNbO.

Discovery of a Rare-Earth-Free Oxide-Ion Conductor CaGaO by Screening through Bond Valence-Based Energy Calculations, Synthesis, and Characterization of Structural and Transport Properties.

In this work, we have discovered CaGaO as a rare-earth-free oxide-ion conductor by a combined technique of bond valence (BV)-based energy calculations, synthesis, and characterization of structural and transport properties. Here, the energy barriers for oxide-ion migration () of 217 Ga-containing oxides were calculated by the BV method to screen the candidate materials of oxide-ion conductors. We chose the orthorhombic calcium gallate CaGaO as a candidate of oxide-ion conductors, because CaGaO had a relatively low .

A new structure family of oxide-ion conductors CaYSnO discovered by a combined technique of the bond-valence method and experiments.

Mg3TeO6-type Ca0.8Y2.4Sn0.

Growing Up Amid Ethno-Political Conflict: Aggression and Emotional Desensitization Promote Hostility to Ethnic Outgroups.

Ethno-political violence impacts thousands of youth and is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Yet little research examines adaptation to ethno-political violence over time or across multiple outcomes simultaneously. This study examines longitudinal patterns of aggressive behavior and emotional distress as they co-occur among Palestinian (n = 600) youth exposed to ethno-political violence over 3 years in three age cohorts (starting ages: 8, 11, and 14).

Zinc increases vulnerability of rat thymic lymphocytes to arachidonic acid under in vitro conditions.

Previous studies on the cytotoxicity of arachidonic acid (ARA) elucidated the involvement of oxidative stress and Ca(2+). In the present study, the Zn(2+)-related cytotoxicity of ARA was studied by a flow cytometric technique with appropriate fluorescent probes in rat thymocytes. Addition of 10 μM ZnCl2 enhanced the increase in cell lethality induced by 10 μM ARA.

Negative Stereotypes of Ethnic Out-groups: A Longitudinal Examination Among Palestinian, Israeli Jewish, and Israeli Arab Youth.

Ethno-political conflict impacts thousands of youth globally and has been associated with a number of negative psychological outcomes. Extant literature has mostly addressed the adverse emotional and behavioral outcomes of exposure while failing to examine change over time in social-cognitive factors in contexts of ethno-political conflict. Using cohort-sequential longitudinal data, the present study examines ethnic variation in the development of negative stereotypes about ethnic out-groups among Palestinian (=600), Israeli Jewish (=451), and Israeli Arab (=450) youth over three years.

Trajectories of ethnic-racial discrimination among ethnically diverse early adolescents: associations with psychological and social adjustment.

Using longitudinal data, the authors assessed 585 Dominican, Chinese, and African American adolescents (Grades 6-8, M(age) at W1 = 11.83) to determine patterns over time of perceived ethnic-racial discrimination from adults and peers; if these patterns varied by gender, ethnicity, and immigrant status; and whether they are associated with psychological (self-esteem, depressive symptoms) and social (friend and teacher relationship quality, school belonging) adjustment. Two longitudinal patterns for adult discrimination and three longitudinal patterns for peer discrimination were identified using a semiparametric mixture model.

The role of contingent self-worth in the relation between victimization and internalizing problems in adolescents.

Peer victimization can challenge mental health, yet limited research has considered contingent self-worth as a moderator of that relation. This study examined the relation of peer victimization to major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia during adolescence, and contingent self-worth as a hypothesized moderator of those relations. Self-report data from adolescents (N = 716; Mage = 15.

Thermal and transport properties of ionic liquids based on benzyl-substituted phosphonium cations.

The physicochemical properties of two novel ionic liquids based on benzyltriethylphosphonium and benzyltributylphosphonium cations are described in this report. It was found that both benzyl-substituted phosphonium cations gave low-melting salts in combination with a bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide anion. The thermogravimetric analysis suggested that the benzyl-substituted phosphonium ionic liquids showed higher thermal stability than those of not only the alkyl-substituted phosphonium ILs but also the corresponding benzyl-substituted ammonium compounds.

To be or not to be: an exploration of ethnic identity development in context.

This qualitative study focused on the intersection of personal and ethnic identities among forty African American, Puerto Rican, Dominican, and Chinese American high school students. The patterns in content indicated that for the Puerto Ricans, the intersection of their personal and social identities was a series of accommodations to a positive peer climate and a resistance to being Dominican. For the other ethnic groups, the intersection of their personal and social identities consisted of a process of resistance and accommodation to negative stereotypes projected on them by their peers and, for African Americans, themselves.

Mid-infrared (5-12-microm) and limited (5.5-8.5-microm) single-knob tuning generated by difference-frequency mixing in single-crystal AgGaS2.

We describe tunable 5-12-microm mid-infrared generation in single-crystal silver gallium sulfide (AgGaS(2)), from nonlinear optical difference-frequency generation. Signal and idler waves obtained from a Nd:YAG laser-pumped LiNbO(3) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) were mixed in AgGaS(2) crystal to yield difference-frequency waves. For the efficient generation of difference frequency, an unstable resonator was employed as the OPO to reduce output beam divergence.

Washing and cryoprotectant effects on frozen storage of spent hen surimi.

Mince of 98-wk-old spent hens was washed two times with 0.1% NaCl. Portions of unwashed and washed mince were mixed with a cryoprotectant (CP) composed of 4% sucrose, 4% sorbitol, and 0.

Thermal gelation properties of spent hen mince and surimi.

Thermal gelation properties of spent hen mince and surimi were investigated. The mince from 98-wk-old spent hens was washed two times with 0.1% NaCl.

Thermal gelation characteristics of breast and thigh muscles of spent hen and broiler and their surimi.

Spent hen (98 weeks) and broiler (12 weeks) breast and thigh muscles were minced (1 mm orifice diameter) and washed with 0.1% NaCl. A portion of both unwashed and washed mince was mixed with cryoprotectants (CP) at the rate of 4% sucrose, 4% sorbitol, and 0.

Actin-binding peptide from smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase.

The objective of this study was to localize the actin-binding site in the smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. Limited proteolysis by thermolysin indicated that hydrolysis of the kinase at the N-terminal end of the molecule resulted in loss of actin-binding ability. Various methods of cleavage were investigated for the generation of a discrete actin-binding peptide.

A stress analysis of the proximal tibia after insertion of the endoprosthesis.

Detailed investigation for the local stress increment at the fixation post bottom of an artificial knee joint was performed by two-dimensional finite element method. A strain measurement was also conducted by wire strain gauges on a cancellous bone with a special method. It was made clear that a curvature with a certain extent of radius was necessary for the corner of a fixation post and application of acrylic cement with a certain extent of thickness (3 mm less than or equal to) was effective for stress relaxation, and that an optimum value (10(-1)-10 GPa) existed for elastic modulus of bone cement.