Population pharmacokinetics of primaquine and the effect of hepatic and renal dysfunction: An exploratory approach.

Objectives: We attempted to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for primaquine (PQ) and evaluate the effect of renal and hepatic dysfunction on PQ pharmacokinetics.

Materials And Methods: The data were collected from a prospective, nonrandomized clinical study in healthy volunteers and patients with mild-moderate hepatic dysfunction and renal dysfunction. Model development was conducted using NONMEM software, and parameter estimation was conducted using first-order conditional estimation with interaction method.

Pharmacokinetics of single-dose primaquine in patients with chronic kidney dysfunction.

Aim: The pharmacokinetics of primaquine has not been studied in special populations. Being a basic compound, preferential binding to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and substrate for P-glycoprotein, may predispose the drug for an altered pharmacokinetics in states of renal dysfunction. This study attempts to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose (15 mg) of primaquine in severely impaired renal function and end stage renal dysfunction patients compared to healthy participants.

Urinary enzymes in nephrotic syndrome.

Tubular damage is a complication associated with nephrotic syndrome and increased levels of urinary enzymes are of significant value in detection of the same. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of urinary lysozyme and trehalase as markers of tubular dysfunction in nephrotic syndrome. This study assessed 35 nephrotic syndrome patients and 30 healthy controls matched for age and sex.