Anti-VEGF Monotherapy vs Anti-VEGF and Steroid Combination Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Meta-analysis.

To compare the safety and efficacy of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) monotherapy vs anti-VEGF and steroid combination therapy in treatment-naïve and treatment-resistant patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). : A systematic literature search was conducted from January 2005 to December 2022. Sixteen randomized control trials (RCTs) published in English that reported the efficacy or safety of monotherapy and combination therapy in patients with DME were included.

Photoreceptor Characteristics in Diabetic Retinopathy vs Controls Using Adaptive Optics Imaging: Systematic Review.

To assess the differences in morphological photoreceptor outcomes measured using adaptive optics (AO)-assisted imaging between individuals with diabetes or prediabetes and healthy controls. A systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases from January 2000 to June 2023. Studies that used AO-assisted imaging modalities to quantitatively compare photoreceptor outcomes in patients with diabetes or prediabetes with healthy controls were included.

Optical coherence tomography imaging of the peripheral retina.

This review critically assesses the applicability of retinal periphery imaging technology, scrutinizing its practical limitations and potential advancements within ophthalmology. It underscores the significant costs and the need to evaluate the clinical utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography devices. It emphasizes how clinicians should consider their practice-specific use-cases while investing in devices with capabilities like ultra-widefield OCT, autofluorescence imaging, and angiography.

OCTA: Essential or Gimmick?

This commentary article delves into the transformative role of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in diagnosing and managing a wide array of eye conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, and white dot syndromes. Developed in 2005, OCTA has emerged as a non-invasive, high-resolution imaging technique that offers advantages over traditional fluorescein angiography (FA), providing quicker and safer monitoring of ocular conditions with similar diagnostic accuracy. In diabetic retinopathy, OCTA has been instrumental in early identification of retinal changes, offering quantifiable metrics including perfused capillary density (PCD) for assessing vascular alterations.

Intraretinal hemorrhages and detailed retinal phenotype of three patients with Alagille syndrome.

Purpose: To explore patterns of disease expression in Alagille syndrome (ALGS).

Methods: Patients underwent ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, fundus intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA), perimetry and full-field electroretinograms (ffERGs). An adult ALGS patient had multimodal imaging and specialized perimetry.

Adherence of studies involving artificial intelligence in the analysis of ophthalmology electronic medical records to AI-specific items from the CONSORT-AI guideline: a systematic review.

Purpose: In the context of ophthalmologic practice, there has been a rapid increase in the amount of data collected using electronic health records (EHR). Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a promising means of centralizing data collection and analysis, but to date, most AI algorithms have only been applied to analyzing image data in ophthalmologic practice. In this review we aimed to characterize the use of AI in the analysis of EHR, and to critically appraise the adherence of each included study to the CONSORT-AI reporting guideline.

Investigating Associations Between Nonadherence to Guideline-Recommended Treatment of Pediatric Seizures and Adverse Outcomes: A Canadian Feasibility Study.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that nonadherence to treatment guidelines for seizures may affect patient outcomes. We examined the feasibility of conducting a larger investigation to test this hypothesis in the pediatric population.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients aged ≤18 years who presented with seizure to the emergency departments of two Ontario hospitals in 2019 to 2021.

Spontaneous Late Visual Recovery in Pediatric Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The authors report a rare case of pediatric central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and spontaneous late recovery, with associated literature review. A retrospective review of patient medical records and literature search of four relevant databases was conducted. A 7-year-old girl with sudden, painless loss of vision in her right eye was referred to the authors' center where she was found to have a CRAO with hand motion visual acuity.

Promising practices for the design and implementation of sexuality education programmes for youth in India: a scoping review.

Sexual violence and HIV/AIDS are major public health concerns in India. By promoting bodily autonomy, wellbeing, and dignity through knowledge and skills, comprehensive sexuality education for young people can help prevent adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes. While there is increased recognition globally regarding young people's need for sexuality education, translating this recognition into accepted programmes in India has been challenging.

Systematic review of simulation-based education in strabismus assessment and management.

Background: Strabismus is a dynamic condition for which simulation-based training is valuable, given the variable complexity and relatively reduced exposure compared with other ophthalmic presentations. This study assessed the performance of simulation models available for medical training in the assessment and management of strabismus.

Methods: A systematic review of relevant peer-reviewed academic databases was conducted, without publication date restrictions.

Patient Risk Interpretation of Symptoms Model (PRISM): How Patients Assess Cardiac Risk.

Background: While there is a prevailing perception that coronary artery disease (CAD) is a "man's disease," little is known about the factors which influence cardiac risk assessment and whether it varies by gender.

Objectives: 1) Qualitatively capture the complexity of cardiac risk assessment from a patient-centered perspective. 2) Explore how risk assessment may vary by gender.