Analgesic Efficacy of Adjuvant Medications in the Pediatric Caudal Block for Infraumbilical Surgery: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Various adjuvants are added to local anesthetics in caudal block to improve analgesia. The comparative analgesic effectiveness and relative rankings of these adjuvants are unknown. This network meta-analysis (NMA) sought to evaluate the comparative analgesic efficacy and relative ranking of caudal adjuvants added to local anesthetics (versus local anesthetics alone) in pediatric infra-umbilical surgery.

Surgical Closure of Atrial Septal Defects in Young Children-A Review of Anesthesia Care in Sternotomy and Thoracotomy Approaches.

Objectives: To review and compare the anesthetic management of atrial septal defect (ASD) closures via mini lateral thoracotomy and sternotomy approaches.

Design: Retrospective analysis.

Setting: Single- center pediatric quaternary care hospital.