Role of serial fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18FDG-PET-CT) in assessing treatment response in treatment naïve chronic pulmonary aspergillosis subjects.

Background: The role of 2-deoxy-2-18(F) fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) in assessing treatment response in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) remains to be determined.

Objective: To compare changes in FDG-PET/CT parameters in CPA subjects with treatment success or failure.

Methods: We treated consecutive treatment-naïve CPA subjects with six months of oral itraconazole.

Third-order nonlinear optical properties of highly electron deficient, nonplanar push-pull porphyrins: β-nitro-hexa-substituted porphyrins bearing bromo, phenyl, and phenylethynyl groups.

β-Heptasubstituted porphyrins [MTPP(NO)X; M = 2H, Ni, Cu, and Zn; X = Br, Ph, and PE] were synthesized and their third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties explored using the single-beam -scan technique with femtosecond, MHz pulses in the visible range. The three-photon absorption (), third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (), three-photon absorption cross-section (), and nonlinear refractive index () have been determined from theoretical fits with experimental results. The sign and magnitude of the nonlinear refractive index () have been obtained from the closed-aperture experiment while the three-photon absorption coefficient and three-photon absorption cross-section were determined from the open-aperture experiment.

Radiation Exposure to the Personnel Performing Myocardial Blood Flow Quantification Study Using N-ammonia Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate radiation exposure to staff performing coronary flow reserve (CFR) measurement using N-ammonia.

Materials And Methods: The radiation exposure rate during the administration of N-ammonia for the rest and stress part of the study was noted using an ionization chamber-based calibrated survey monitor. The radiation exposure to persons involved in dispensing radioactivity (D1), administering radioactivity (D2) and monitoring the patient during pharmacological stress (D3) were measured using an energy compensated Si-diode personal pocket dosimeter.

Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi as a Versatile Diagnostic Probe for Various Epithelial Malignancies: A Head-to-Head Comparison with F-FDG.

Rationale And Objectives: Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts has been a major breakthrough causing a paradigm shift in targeted theranostics focusing on the tumor microenvironment. In this study, a squaric acid derivative DOTA.SA.

68 Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPI as a Potential, Noninvasive Diagnostic Probe for Recurrent and Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma : A Head-to-Head Comparison With 18F-FDG.

Metastatic or recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a potentially fatal malignancy, which poses major challenges in disease management owing to lack of effective systemic therapies. The drastically reduced survival rates require prompt identification of selective molecules for development of targeted therapeutics. We evaluated the squaric acid containing FAPI derivative, DOTA.

68Ga-DOTAGA-IAC PET/CT for Imaging Metastatic and Recurrent Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Case Series.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a prevalence of 1 to 2 cases/million/year. The diagnosis depends upon endocrine workup followed by imaging with CT, MRI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT. The treatment includes surgical resection, debulking surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

Potential Role of 68Ga-NOTA-Duramycin PET/CT Imaging for Early Response Evaluation in a Lymphoma Patient: A Case Report.

Duramycin, a 19 amino acids peptide, is known for its potential to target phosphatidylethanolamine. During cell death (apoptosis), rearrangement of membrane phospholipids results in the externalization of phosphatidylethanolamine to the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, which can be imaged using 68Ga-NOTA-duramycin. We report 68Ga-NOTA-duramycin imaging in a 50-year-old man with biopsy-proven diffuse large B-cell lymphoma planned for anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

Evaluation of Radiation Exposure to the Patients Undergoing Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography-Guided Biopsies.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the radiation exposure to patients undergoing positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-guided biopsies.

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing PET/CT-guided biopsy were recruited prospectively from October 2019 to April 2020. PET/CT-guided biopsy from a tracer avid site was done using an automated-robotic-arm 1 h after intravenous injection of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) (2-5 mCi) or Ga-68-PSMA (1-4 mCi).

Humanoid Training Phantom for Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy.

Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT)-guided biopsy is being increasing practiced worldwide with indications in sampling of lung, abdominal, bone lesions, and among others. Training for PET-guided Interventions at select centers is carried out under supervision of an expert on real patients, similar to training for interventional radiology procedures. Simulation center training has been shown to be useful in improving efficiency of resident trainees.

F-18 fluorocholine positron emission tomography- computed tomography in initial staging and recurrence evaluation of prostate carcinoma: A prospective comparative study with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and whole-body skeletal scintigraphy.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major causes of death due to cancer in men. Conventional imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide locoregional status, but fall short in identifying distant metastasis. C-11 choline F-18 fluorocholine (F-18 FCH) has been shown to be useful in imaging of PCa.

Development of Ga DOTA-CRH for PET/CT Imaging of ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Disease: Initial Study.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's disease accounts for 75% cases of the endogenous Cushing's syndrome. The size of lesion is usually very small, which results in false-negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) even after biochemical confirmation of the disease. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) the key controller of hypothalamus-pituitary--adrenal axis binds to CRH receptor R1 and R2.

Early Quantification of Salivary Gland Function after Radioiodine Therapy.

Purpose Of The Study: Radioiodine (I-131) is used as an effective noninvasive treatment for thyroid malignancies. Salivary gland is one of the most affected nontarget organs. The present study aims to perform early quantification of salivary gland function after I-131 therapy (RIT) for thyroid cancer considering I-131 down-scatter in the Tc-99m window.

Prospective Comparison of Angiogenesis-Specific 68Ga-RGD2 PET/CT Imaging Parameters and DAS28-ESR in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of angiogenesis-specific 68Ga-RGD2 PET/CT with Disease Activity Score 28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) in assessing disease activity and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: This was a prospective study comparing the performance of 68Ga-RGD2 PET/CT and DAS28-ESR in 30 RA patients. All of them underwent 68Ga-RGD2 PET/CT scan from head to toe and clinical examination at the baseline.

Dynamic 18F-Fluoro-Ethyl-Tyrosine Positron Emission Tomography/ Computed Tomography: A Better Predictor of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation in Presurgical Evaluations of Glioma.

The recent WHO classification of gliomas has incorporated molecular markers such as isocitrate dehydrogenase () mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion into the ambit of morphological diagnosis, and 18F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (F-FET) positron emission tomography (PET) has shown its utility in noninvasive glioma grading and prognosis. Both dynamic and static FET PET parameters may assist in predicting the mutational status, but time to peak derived from dynamic data may be a better predictor for status. We present a case of left frontal lobe lesion suggestive of high-grade glioma on magnetic resonance imaging and static F-FET PET images, however, dynamic FET image was suggestive of low-grade -mutated glioma which was later confirmed on histology and immunohistochemistry.

Correction of Positron Emission Tomography Maximum Intensity Projection Image Artifact Using Retro Reconstruction Method.

Artifacts in positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography imaging can result from a number of factors. Presence of imaging artifacts affects interpretation and can sometimes render the image uninterpretable. Correction of artifacts can be attempted by reprocessing of data.

Molecular Imaging Targeting Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor for Corticotropinoma: A Changing Paradigm.

Background: Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the major regulator of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion from the anterior pituitary and acts via CRH-1 receptors (CRH-1R). Corticotropinoma though autonomous, still retain their responsiveness to CRH and hence, we hypothesize that in vivo detection of CRH-1 receptors on pituitary adenoma using Gallium-68 (68Ga)-tagged CRH can indicate the functionality of adenoma, and combining it with positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) can provide requisite anatomical information.

Methods: Subjects with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS) (n = 27, 24 with Cushing's disease [CD], 3 with ectopic CS [ECS]) underwent 68Ga CRH PET-CT.

Dose Optimization in F-FDG PET Based on Noise-Equivalent Count Rate Measurement and Image Quality Assessment.

The present study aimed to optimize the injected dose of F-FDG in whole-body PET/CT scans and assess its effect on noise-equivalent count rate (NECR) and visual image quality (IQ). Patients scheduled to undergo F-FDG PET/CT were prospectively recruited in the study from January to December 2019, regardless of the indication or underlying disease. Patients were divided into 4 groups and injected with different amounts of F-FDG radioactivity per kilogram of body weight (1.

F-NaF PET uptake characteristics of coronary artery culprit lesions in a cohort of patients of acute coronary syndrome with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and chronic stable angina: A hybrid fluoride PET/CTCA study.

Background: F-NaF PET/CT identifies high-risk plaques due to active calcification in coronary arteries with potential to characterize plaques in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic stable angina (CSA) patients.

Methods: Twenty-four MI and 17 CSA patients were evaluated with F-NaF PET/CTCA for SUV and TBR values of culprit and non-culprit plaques in both groups (inter-group and intra-group comparison), and pre- and post-interventional MI plaques sub-analysis.

Results: Culprit plaques in MI patients had significantly higher SUV (1.

18F-FDG PET/CT in Tuberculosis: Can Interim PET/CT Predict the Clinical Outcome of the Patients?

Purpose Of The Report: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem. Activated macrophages in TB lesions show high metabolic activity and can be assessed using F-FDG PET/CT. This retroprospective study was done to evaluate the utility of F-FDG PET/CT in initial assessment and therapeutic response in patients with TB.

Breast Cancer Imaging With PET Based Radiopharmaceuticals Other Than 18F-FDG.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women with rising incidence worldwide. F-FDG PET/CT imaging has already established itself as a pivotal modality for staging, restating and response assessment in patients with carcinoma breast. The complex biology of this cancer is increasingly being decoded and various molecular targets have been identified and exploited for guiding the treatment at various time points during the course of the disease.

A Comparison of Angiogenesis and Glycolytic Imaging in Patients With Clinical Suspected Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.

F-FDG PET/CT imaging is an important diagnostic tool for accurate staging and assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC). However, F-FDG being non-specific marker, it also accumulates in inflammatory conditions, leading to false positive results. Angiogenesis, an essential characteristic for tumor development, intrusion and metastasis can be imaged using Ga-labeled RGD tripeptide.

Radiation Exposure to the Personnel Performing Robotic Arm-Assisted Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography-Guided Biopsies.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to estimate the radiation burden to personnel performing robotic arm-assisted positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-guided metabolic biopsies and to staff assisting the procedure in a PET/CT facility.

Materials And Methods: We estimated the whole-body exposures to physicians and staff based on the dose rate measurement with an ionization chamber-based calibrated survey monitor and pocket dosimeters during the robotic arm-assisted 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET/CT-guided biopsies from September 2016 to February 2017. In addition, we also noted the time to biopsy after injection and total biopsy time during which the staff was exposed to the radiation.