Impact of antibiotic pharmacokinetics in urine on recurrent bacteriuria following treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

The clinical relevance of bacteriuria following antibiotic treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in clinical trials remains controversial. We evaluated the impact of urine pharmacokinetics on the timing of recurrent bacteriuria in a recently completed trial that compared oral tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide to intravenous ertapenem. The urinary clearance and urine dwell time of ertapenem were prolonged relative to tebipenem and were associated with a temporal difference in the repopulation of bladder urine with bacteria following treatment, potentially confounding the assessment of efficacy.

Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Relationship of Teprotumumab, an Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor-Blocking Antibody, in Thyroid Eye Disease.

Background And Objective: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is characterized by inflammation/expansion of orbital tissues, proptosis, and diplopia. Teprotumumab is the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy for TED, administered as an initial intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg followed by 20 mg/kg every 3 weeks for an additional seven infusions. The objective of this article is to discuss the pharmacokinetics and exposure-response profile for teprotumumab in patients with TED.