Regional Disparities in Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness, Cataract Surgical Coverage and Ocular Findings in Adults 50 Years and Older in Brazil: A Comparative Analysis between Two Population-Based Cross-Sectional Surveys Performed Within a 10-Year Interval.

Purpose: To investigate disparities in the prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness, cataract surgical coverage, and ocular findings in older adults from two Brazilian geo-socio-demographic areas, São Paulo and Parintins cities.

Methods: Data from two population-based studies including participants 50 years and older from the cities of São Paulo (São Paulo Eye Study - SPES, 2004) and Parintins (Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey - BARES, 2014) were aggregated.

Results: A total of 5318 participants (3677 from SPES;1641 from BARES) were included.

Impact of pterygium on central corneal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography in older adults.

Purpose: To measure the central corneal thickness (CCT) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in older adults with and without pterygium from the Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey (BARES).

Methods: BARES is a population-based epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted in Parintins city. Participants were residents ≥45 years of age identified through a door-to-door interview.

Impact of keratoprosthesis implantation on retinal and visual pathway function assessed by electrophysiological testing.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis (BI-Kpro) implantation on retinal and visual pathway function, respectively, assessed by full-field electroretinography (ERG) and visually evoked potentials (VEPs).

Methods: This is a prospective interventional longitudinal study, and patients with BI-Kpro implantation were assessed preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months after surgery. ERG, flash, and pattern-reversal VEPs (15' and 60' checks) along with visual acuity (VA) were performed.

Prevalence of ocular findings regardless of visual acuity status in older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Recently, it has been recommended that population-based studies report not only frequencies of vision impairment and blindness but also any ocular abnormalities that might lead an individual to seek for eyecare services. The current study aimed to determine prevalence of ocular findings regardless of visual acuity (VA) status in older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region. Disturbances were grouped into: Eyelids; Anterior Segment; Posterior Segment; Increased intraocular pressure; and Overall Globe.

Psychosocial indicators of primary congenital glaucoma and filtering surgeries impacts on children and family's quality of life.

Purpose: To identify psychosocial indicators and evaluate the filtering surgeries impacts on quality of life (QOL) of children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and their family.

Methods: Parents of children with bilateral PCG who underwent filtering surgery were included. Data were collected through: (a) psychological inquiry to determine psychosocial indicators; (b) Children's Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ).

Cognitive, motor, and visual development in healthy children in the first 42 months of life.

Purpose: The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III) is a tool for measuring the developmental status of children, including cognitive and motor functioning, in the first three years of life. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between grating visual acuity and visual functionality in healthy children using the Bayley-III.

Methods: Binocular grating visual acuity was measured using Teller Acuity Cards followed by the Bayley-III in healthy children aged 1-42 months.

The effects of amblyopia on children's reading performance after patching treatment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of amblyopia on children's reading performance after the successful patching treatment with 20/20 visual acuity (VA) in the treated eye.

Methods: The treated amblyopes group included 10 children with strabismic amblyopia diagnosed on the first visit presenting VA equal or better than 0.0 logMAR (20/20 Snellen) in the better vision eye and VA worse than 0.

Eye clinic attendance at the olympic and paralympic games Rio 2016 and its correlation to the WHO indicators on eye health.

Objectives: To evaluate athletes' frequency of attendance at the eye clinic during the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016 and to correlate it to WHO core indicators on progress in ophthalmology care in a country.

Methods: Frequencies of athletes' attendance at the eye clinic were calculated for each country. Countries were classified according to the World Bank income levels in high, upper-middle, low-middle or low-income country.

Usability of smartphone apps as reading aids for low vision patients.

Purpose: Reading is one of the main complaints of low vision patients referred for visual rehabilitation, since it is fundamental for full participation in modern society. The purpose of this study was to analyse the usability of free smartphone apps with magnification tools as digital aids for reading visual rehabilitation in low vision patients.

Methods: Low vision adult patients were included regarding the following criteria: best-corrected visual acuity in the better-seeing eye from 0.

Photopic negative response using a handheld mini-ganzfeld stimulator in healthy adults: normative values, intra- and inter-session variability.

Purpose: To determine normative values, intra- and inter-session variability for a range of parameters derived from the photopic negative response (PhNR) using a handheld mini-Ganzfeld stimulator in healthy normal adults.

Methods: Light-adapted flash full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from healthy individuals with no visual complaints, visual acuity equal to or better than 0.0 logMAR (20/20 Snellen), and negative family history for visual diseases.

Pterygium in adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region: prevalence, visual status and refractive errors.

Aims: To determine prevalence of pterygium, its role as main cause of unilateral and bilateral visual impairment and blindness and its impact on refractive errors from adults living in a high ultraviolet exposure area in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Methods: Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting subjects ≥45 years of age from urban and rural areas of Parintins city. Eligible subjects were enumerated through a door-to-door household survey and invited for an eye exam including refraction.

Population-Based Cataract Surgery Complications and Their Impact on Visual Status in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Purpose: To investigate cataract surgery prevalence, complications, visual outcomes, and coverage in a population of older adults from the Brazilian Amazon region.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: Individuals ≥45 years of age from urban and rural areas of Parintins City, Brazil, were identified by cluster random sampling.

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Adults Aged 45 Years and Older from Parintins: The Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey.

: To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in adults aged 45 years and older from Parintins, Brazilian Amazon Region. : A random cluster sampling method was used to identify subjects 45 years of age and older from urban and rural census sectors of Parintins city, Amazonas State, from March 2014 to May 2015. Participants underwent a detailed ocular examination, including presenting (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Presbyopia and Ocular Conditions Causing Near Vision Impairment in Older Adults From the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and causes of near vision impairment (NVI) in a population of older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting subjects 45 years of age and older from urban and rural areas of Parintins city, Brazil.