Barriers associated with pulse and plant-based meat alternative consumption across sociodemographic groups: a Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour model approach.

Introduction: To enhance environmental sustainability and food security, there should be a change in dietary protein consumption. It is suggested that meat consumption should be reduced and that the currently low consumption of pulses and other plant-based proteins should increase. We aimed to examine (1) how sociodemographic factors and perceived barriers are associated with self-reported current and perceived future pulse and other plant-based meat alternative (PBMA) consumption and (2) how sociodemographic factors relate to perceived barriers.

How vegans and vegetarians negotiate eating-related social norm conflicts in their social networks.

This qualitative study, framed by social identity theory, examines how self-identified vegans and vegetarians negotiate diet-related social norm conflicts within their social networks. Twenty-one semi-structured interviews with 18- to 58-year-old vegans and vegetarians who represented five nationalities were analysed inductively through thematic analysis. According to the results, social norm conflicts occurred in contexts where tense family relations or boundaries between in-group and out-group were salient.

Towards more environmentally sustainable diets? Changes in the consumption of beef and plant- and insect-based protein products in consumer groups in Finland.

This study investigated consumers' self-reported past changes and future intentions to change the consumption of beef and alternative, plant- or insect-based protein products. A survey of 18-79-year-old consumers in Finland (N = 1000) was analysed with latent class analysis, and five consumer clusters were identified. The largest cluster (37%) consumed beef, but no alternative protein products; three clusters incorporated alternative protein products in their diets in different ways (in total 55%); and one cluster did not consume beef or alternative proteins (8%).

Interrupted transport by the emergency medical service in stroke/transitory ischemic attack: A consequence of changed treatment routines in prehospital emergency care.

Background: The discovery that not all patients who call for the emergency medical service (EMS) require transport to hospital has changed the structure of prehospital emergency care. Today, the EMS clinician at the scene already distinguishes patients with a time-critical condition such as stroke/transitory ischemic attack (TIA) from patients without. This highlights the importance of the early identification of stroke/TIA.

Insect Consumption Attitudes among Vegans, Non-Vegan Vegetarians, and Omnivores.

Background: Consumption of foods of insect origin is encouraged, since insect consumption is seen as one of the responses to the environmental impact of meat production. This study examines the attitude (A), subjective norm (SN), perceived behavioral control (PC), and food neophobia (FN) toward the consumption of foods of insect origin, as well as the conditions for eating insect-based foods among vegans, vegetarians, and omnivores.

Methods: The data was obtained by using an online survey and convenience sampling ( = 567, of whom omnivores represented 74%, vegans 5%, and non-vegan vegetarians 22%).

Changes in the social context and conduct of eating in four Nordic countries between 1997 and 2012.

How have eating patterns changed in modern life? In public and academic debate concern has been expressed that the social function of eating may be challenged by de-structuration and the dissolution of traditions. We analyzed changes in the social context and conduct of eating in four Nordic countries over the period 1997-2012. We focused on three interlinked processes often claimed to be distinctive of modern eating: delocalization of eating from private households to commercial settings, individualization in the form of more eating alone, and informalization, implying more casual codes of conduct.

From beef to beans: Eating motives and the replacement of animal proteins with plant proteins among Finnish consumers.

A better understanding of the motives underlying the adoption of sustainable and healthy diets is needed for designing more effective policies. The aim of the study was to examine how eating motives were associated with self-reported changes in the consumption of beef, beans, and soy products, i.e.

Online weight-loss services and a calculative practice of slimming.

This study examines the slimming practice produced by Internet-based weight-loss services and their use. Drawing on theories of practice, the study analyses the script of use that is constructed by the services, and the meanings, materialities and competences that are enacted in their use. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews with women who were users of two Finnish online weight-loss services, the study concludes that the services transform food into quantitative depictions of calories and nutrition.

Everyday distinction and omnivorous orientation: An analysis of food choice, attitudinal dispositions and social background.

In recent years studies on cultural consumption have experienced a Bourdieusian renaissance. This is indicated by a growing body of research analysing distinctions in different areas of culture, and numerous studies on the homology thesis applying the concepts of distinction, field and capital. Concurrently, however, it has been argued that instead of distinctive tastes, distinction and class status are increasingly manifested by cultural omnivorousness.

Eating practices and diet quality: a population study of four Nordic countries.

Background/objectives: Daily practices related to eating are embedded in the social and cultural contexts of everyday life. How are such factors associated with diet quality relative to motivational factors? And, are associations universal or context-specific? We analyze the relationship between diet quality and the following practices: social company while eating, the regularity and duration of eating and the activity of watching TV while eating.

Subjects/methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based internet survey was conducted in April 2012 with stratified random samples of the populations (aged 15-80 years) in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden (N=7531, completion rate 9-13%).

Food choices, perceptions of healthiness, and eating motives of self-identified followers of a low-carbohydrate diet.

Background: Low-carbohydrate (LC) diets have gained substantial media coverage in many Western countries. Little is, however, known about the characteristics of their followers.

Objective: The article analyses how those who report following an LC diet differ from the rest of the population in their background, food choices, weight reduction status, as well as food-related perceptions and motives.

"If I drink it anyway, then I rather take the light one". Appropriation of foods and drinks designed for weight management among middle-aged and elderly Finns.

This article examines everyday ideals of eating for weight management as described by middle-aged and elderly Finns with varying experiences of managing their weight. The paper draws on the theoretical approach of appropriation and looks at the meanings, understandings and use of foods for weight management in the context of the practices of eating. The article is based on an analysis of eight focus group discussions with 68 people (47 women, 21 men, aged between 38 and 77) conducted in Helsinki in autumn 2009.

Diversifying meat consumption patterns: consumers' self-reported past behaviour and intentions for change.

This study analysed meat consumption patterns among Finnish consumers, considering both stated past changes and intended future changes. Consumer segments with different patterns of and reasons for change were identified. Latent class analysis revealed six consumer clusters that formed three major cluster blocks.

Arthroscopic resection of medial plica of the knee in young adults.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of arthroscopic resection of a medial plica and to describe the usefulness of the clinical findings and MRI for preoperative diagnostics. From the baseline population of 172,777 military conscripts, thirty-three consecutive young adult patients with normal preoperative MRIs of the knee and a sole postoperative diagnosis of medial plica were treated with arthroscopic plica resection. Functional outcome was evaluated at a final follow-up in 25 patients with 34 knees with Kujala, Lysholm and visual analog scale (VAS) scores.

Bone stress injuries are common in female military trainees: a preliminary study.

Although bone stress injuries are common in male military trainees, it is not known how common they are in female trainees. It also is unclear whether asymptomatic bone stress injuries heal if intensive training is continued. We prospectively followed 10 female trainees of a military Reserve Officer Course.

Magnetic resonance imaging in acute traumatic and chronic meniscal tears of the knee: a diagnostic accuracy study in young adults.

Background: No previous research has investigated the diagnostic validity of magnetic resonance imaging for acute versus chronic meniscal tears using comparable materials and methods.

Hypothesis: There is no difference in the diagnostic validity of magnetic resonance imaging for acute versus chronic meniscal tears in young adults.

Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Risk factors for bone stress injuries: a follow-up study of 102,515 person-years.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected bone stress injuries in the pelvis, hip, thigh, and knee in a large cohort of Finnish conscripts during a follow-up of 102,515 person-years.

Methods: An epidemiologic prospective cohort study of 152,095 conscripts, including 2345 (1.5%) females, was conducted.

'All foods affect health': understandings of functional foods and healthy eating among health-oriented Finns.

One of the recent phenomena in contemporary discussion of eating is 'functional foods', i.e. foods marketed as promoting health or reducing the risk of disease.

Bone stress injuries of the ankle and foot: an 86-month magnetic resonance imaging-based study of physically active young adults.

Background: No comprehensive studies of bone stress injuries in the ankle and foot based on magnetic resonance imaging findings have been published.

Purpose: Using magnetic resonance imaging findings to assess incidence, location, and type of bone stress injuries of the ankle and foot in military conscripts with ankle and/or foot pain.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Sensitivity of routine 1.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging versus arthroscopy as gold standard in fresh traumatic chondral lesions of the knee in young adults.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of routine 1.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus arthroscopy in detecting fresh traumatic chondral lesions of the knee.

Methods: Over a period of 6 years, 578 consecutive military personnel underwent MRI before arthroscopy of the knee.

Stress injuries of the calcaneus detected with magnetic resonance imaging in military recruits.

Background: Calcaneal stress injuries are fairly common overuse injuries in military recruits and athletes. We assessed the anatomic distribution, nature, and healing of calcaneal stress injuries in a group of military recruits.

Methods: Military recruits who underwent magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of exercise-induced ankle and/or heel pain were identified from the medical archives.

Outcomes of stress fractures of the talus.

Background: Stress fractures of the talus are rare, and only a few small studies have been published. In the absence of follow-up studies, the outcomes of these injuries are unknown.

Hypothesis: Traumatic fractures of the talus frequently heal poorly, and stress fracture healing might remain inadequate.