Study on Holocene environmental evolution based on grain size end-member model: A case study of two outcrop sections in Salawusu River Basin.

Samples from two outcrop sections, MGS1 and DGS1 of Milanggouwan and Dishaogouwan in the Salawusu River Basin, were studied in terms of grain size using end-member model. Results show that: 1) MGS1 layer particles are more concentrated, better sorting, and smaller skewness and kurtosis values than those of DGS1. Whereas in the upper part of the DGS1 section, the grain size of the paleodune is coarser, with better sorting and sharper peak, comparing with the lower lacustrine sediments.

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma treated with Alectinib: a case report and literature review.

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is an extremely rare and aggressive form of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Clinically, it has a high risk of relapse and peripheral organ infiltration, and it responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors are currently the most effective targeted therapy for EIMS.

Tumor regression grade combined with post-therapy lymph node status: A novel independent prognostic factor for patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery in locally advanced gastroesophageal junction and gastric carcinoma.

Background: Tumor regression grade (TRG) is a measure of histopathological response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Post-therapy lymph node (ypN) metastasis was reported as a prognostic factor. However, the evaluation of the treatment effectiveness of NAT has not been well studied.

Using Whole Slide Gray Value Map to Predict HER2 Expression and FISH Status in Breast Cancer.

Accurate detection of HER2 expression through immunohistochemistry (IHC) is of great clinical significance in the treatment of breast cancer. However, manual interpretation of HER2 is challenging, due to the interobserver variability among pathologists. We sought to explore a deep learning method to predict HER2 expression level and gene status based on a Whole Slide Image (WSI) of the HER2 IHC section.

Comparative proteomic and clinicopathological analysis of breast adenoid cystic carcinoma and basal-like triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare type of triple-negative breast cancer that has an indolent clinical behavior. Given the substantial overlapping morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features with other basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (BL-TNBC), accurate diagnosis of ACC is crucial for effective clinical treatment. The integrative analysis of the proteome and clinicopathological characteristics may help to distinguish these two neoplasms and provide a deep understanding on biological behaviors and potential target therapy of ACC.

Clinical significance and interrelations of PD-L1 expression, Ki-67 index, and molecular alterations in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma from a Chinese population.

Immunotherapy shows prospects in treating advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma although controversial reports are present. Recently, histological grading has been applied to medullary thyroid carcinoma by the Ki-67 index, mitotic figures, and tumor necrosis. However, the interrelation of PD-L1 expression, the Ki-67 index, and major genetic alterations of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma has not been fully reported.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric adenosquamous carcinoma with concurrent gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC)with concurrent gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (GCLS) are extremely rare tumors. There are only limited cases reported in the literature. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was found in the concomitant GCLS, but none in the ASC.

Expression and Significance of AQP3 in Cutaneous Lesions.

Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is the membrane channel of water and involved in fluid homeostasis. The aim of this study was to reveal the expression and significance of AQP3 in cutaneous lesions. We analyzed AQP3 mRNA levels using RT-PCR in 311 cutaneous lesions and confirmed AQP3 expression in these lesions by immunohistochemistry.

Localized ALK-positive histiocytosis in a Chinese woman: report of a case in the lung with a novel EML4-ALK rearrangement.

ALK-positive histiocytosis (APH) is a newly defined entity with specific histological features and a highly recurrent KIF5B-ALK gene fusion. APH is characterized by clonal proliferation of histiocytes and can present as either systemic or localized. It was first described in infants and then expanded to older children and adults.

Updates in the advances of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: from the molecules to the clinic.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine malignancy that originates in parafollicular cells. It is well-known that a quarter of MTC are involved in hereditary multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes, whereas most MTC are sporadic. Unlike the commonly encountered gastrointestinal or pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, most sporadic MTCs have distinct genetic alterations featured by somatic changes of either Rearranged during Transfection () or point mutation.

Evaluation of Next Generation Sequencing for Detecting HER2 Copy Number in Breast and Gastric Cancers.

Amplicon-based next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have been preferentially adopted by the clinical laboratories on the basis of a short turnaround time (TAT) and small DNA input needs. However, little work has been done to assess the amplicon-based NGS methods for copy number variation (CNV) detection in comparison with current standard methods like immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The correlation between NGS based CNV detection and the later standard methods has remained unexplored.

AQP2 as a diagnostic immunohistochemical marker for pheochromocytoma and/or paraganglioma.

Background: Aquaporin2 (AQP2) is water channel protein that is widely distributed among mammalian tissues and plays a major role in water homeostasis. However, little is known about the expression and significance of AQP2 in human adrenal tumors. Thus, we performed an immunohistochemical investigation of AQP2 in normal and neoplastic adrenal tissues.

Effectiveness of fibrin sealant as hemostatic technique in accelerating ESD-induced ulcer healing: a retrospective study.

Objectives: Healing of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)-induced ulcer is critical for patient recovery. During ESD treatment, submucosal incisions are made with an electrosurgical knife to accomplish en bloc resections of superficial lesions. Nevertheless, excess electrocoagulation may decrease the blood supply of ESD-induced ulcer and delay the ulcer healing.

[Pathological evaluation after preoperative neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer].

Preoperative neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer has been widely promoted, and postoperative standardized pathological assessment has gradually attracted widespread attention. Accurate pathological examination plays an indicating role in the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer, which can not only evaluate the effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgical resection, but also guide postoperative adjuvant therapy and assess the prognosis. Tumor regression grade (TRG) and TNM staging are the bases of routine pathological diagnosis of rectal cancer, and they are closely related to patient survival and prognosis.

SATB2 Shows Different Profiles Between Appendiceal Adenocarcinomas Ex Goblet Cell Carcinoids and Appendiceal/Colorectal Conventional Adenocarcinomas: An Immunohistochemical Study With Comparison to CDX2.

Background: Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a novel marker for colorectal adenocarcinomas but little is known about its expression in appendiceal adenocarcinomas. We aim to investigate SATB2 in these tumors and colorectal adenocarcinomas with comparison to CDX2.

Methods: Immunohistochemical stains for SATB2 and CDX2 were performed in 49 appendiceal adenocarcinomas (23 conventional, 26 adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoids (AdexGCCs)) and 57 colorectal adenocarcinomas.

In papillary thyroid carcinoma, expression by immunohistochemistry of BRAF V600E, PD-L1, and PD-1 is closely related.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies targeting PD-L1/PD-1 have been shown to be effective in treating several types of human cancer. In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), little is known about the expression of PD-L1/PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment or its potential correlation with BRAF V600E mutation status. In this study, we examined the expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and BRAF V600E in PTC by immunohistochemistry and investigated the clinical significance of expression status.

PD-L1 and PD-1 expression are correlated with distinctive clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has shown efficacy in several types of cancers. However, the correlation between PD-L1/PD-1 expression and the specific clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been investigated.

Methods: We examined the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and BRAF V600E on whole-tissue sections from 126 cases of primary PTC more than 1 cm in size.

Diagnostic Utility of SATB2 in Metastatic Krukenberg Tumors of the Ovary: An Immunohistochemical Study of 70 Cases With Comparison to CDX2, CK7, CK20, Chromogranin, and Synaptophysin.

SATB2 is a sensitive marker for colorectal adenocarcinomas. No study has investigated its diagnostic utility in metastatic Krukenberg tumors (MKTs) of the ovary. Here we performed immunohistochemical staining SATB2 in 70 MKTs of various origins (stomach 27, colorectum 13, appendix 20 including 19 metastatic adenocarcinomas ex goblet cell carcinoids [AdexGCC] and 1 conventional poorly differentiated carcinoma with signet ring cells, breast 5, bladder 3, lung 2) to assess its diagnostic utility.

Carcinoid Arising From the Teratomatous Bronchial Mucosa in a Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary: A Case Report.

Primary ovarian carcinoids are relatively uncommon, either pure (monodermal teratomas) or in association with mature cystic teratomas. Here we reported a unique case of carcinoid arising from the teratomatous bronchial mucosa in an ovarian mature cystic teratoma in a 22-year-old woman. This tumor showed a compact trabecular and nested growth pattern with salt-and-pepper chromatin pattern.

GATA3 is a sensitive marker for primary genital extramammary paget disease: an immunohistochemical study of 72 cases with comparison to gross cystic disease fluid protein 15.

Background: GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) has been identified as a sensitive marker for breast carcinoma but its sensitivity in primary genital extramammary Paget diseases (EMPDs) has not been well studied.

Methods: Here we investigated immunohistochemical expression of GATA3 in 72 primary genital EMPDs (35 from female, 37 from male; 45 with intraepithelial disease only, 26 with both intraepithelial disease and invasive adenocarcinoma including 14 also metastasis, 1 with metastatic adenocarcinoma only for study). We also compared GATA3 to gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP15) for their sensitivity.

Subcutaneous porocarcinoma clinically presenting as a soft tissue tumor.

Porocarcinoma is a rare malignancy with glandular adnexal differentiation. A 38-year-old Japanese man noticed a subcutaneous mass in right inguinal region about 20 years prior to being examined. Radiological examinations demonstrated the mass, 11 × 10 cm in size, was in the subcutaneous fat tissue.

Heterogeneous Immunoreactivity of Emerin, a Nuclear Envelope LEM-domain Protein, in Normal Thyroid Follicles.

Emerin is a LEM domain-containing integral membrane protein of the vertebrate nuclear envelope. Recently it has been reported that emerin regulates tissue-specific gene/protein expression. We studied the relationship between emerin expression and follicle function in normal and hyperplastic human thyroid tissues using immunohistochemistry and statistical methods.

Expression of aquaporin3 in human neoplastic tissues.

Aims: Aquaporin3 (AQP3) is distributed widely in mammalian tissues and plays an important role in fluid homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of expression of AQP3 in a variety of human neoplastic tissues and to explore its diagnostic implications.

Methods And Results: We studied 798 neoplastic tissues using immunohistochemistry with anti-AQP3 antibody.

Differential expression of aquaporins and its diagnostic utility in thyroid cancer.

Background: Aquaporin3 (AQP3) and Aquaporin4 (AQP4) play a major role in transcellular and transepithelial water movement as water channel membrane proteins. Little is known of their expression and significance in human thyroid tissues. Thus, we examined the expression of AQP3 and AQP4 in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic thyroid tissues in conjunction with human thyroid cancer cell lines.

Transcription factor Runx2 is a regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in thyroid carcinomas.

Runx2/Cbfa1 is a member of the Runt-related transcription factor family and is an essential regulator of osteoblast/chondrocyte differentiation. Recently, aberrant expression of Runx2 and its oncogenic functions have been identified in the progression and metastasis of human cancers. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of Runx family genes in normal thyroid tissue, non-neoplastic but abnormal thyroid tissue, various types of thyroid tumors and representative human thyroid carcinoma cell lines.