Role of centchroman in regression of fibroadenoma: A 2-arm randomized control trial.

Background: Fibroadenomas are common benign breast lumps that can cause anxiety due to malignancy concerns, and Centchroman, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has shown promise in reducing their size. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Centchroman in reducing fibroadenoma size, mastalgia, anxiety, and depression in affected patients.

Methodology: A parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care Breast Clinic with 104 patients aged 18‒45 years having fibroadenomas ≤ 3 cm.

Neprilysin-Mediated Amyloid Beta Clearance and Its Therapeutic Implications in Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neprilysin (NEP) is a neutral endopeptidase, important for the degradation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and other neuropeptides, including enkephalins, substance P, and bradykinin, in the brain, that influences various physiological processes such as blood pressure homeostasis, pain perception, and neuroinflammation. NEP breaks down Aβ peptides into smaller fragments, preventing the development of detrimental aggregates such as Aβ plaques. NEP clears Aβ plaques predominantly by enzymatic breakdown in the extracellular space.

Bone marrow plasma metabonomics of idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia patients using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Introduction: Idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow failure disorder where aberrant T-cell functions lead to depletion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. T-cells undergo metabolic rewiring, which regulates their proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, studying metabolic variation in AA patients may aid us with a better understanding of the T-cell regulatory pathways governed by metabolites and their pathological engagement in the disease.

Real-world outcomes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the biosimilar era.

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive and the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The clinical use of rituximab has improved the treatment response and survival of patients with DLBCL. The introduction of rituximab biosimilar into healthcare system has helped in providing a cost-effective treatment to B-cell lymphoid malignancies as standard of care and has improved access to patients worldwide.

Analysis of Immunophenotypic Changes during Ex Vivo Human Erythropoiesis and Its Application in the Study of Normal and Defective Erythropoiesis.

Erythropoiesis is a highly regulated process and undergoes several genotypic and phenotypic changes during differentiation. The phenotypic changes can be evaluated using a combination of cell surface markers expressed at different cellular stages of erythropoiesis using FACS. However, limited studies are available on the in-depth phenotypic characterization of progenitors from human adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to red blood cells.

Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Fetuses with Isolated Cardiac Defects Exhibit Decreased Proliferation and Cardiomyogenic Potential.

Amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells (AF-MSCs) represent an autologous cell source to ameliorate congenital heart defects (CHDs) in children. The AF-MSCs, having cardiomyogenic potential and being of fetal origin, may reflect the physiological and pathological changes in the fetal heart during embryogenesis. Hence, the study of defects in the functional properties of these stem cells during fetal heart development will help obtain a better understanding of the cause of neonatal CHDs.

An Analysis of M-protein in Plasma cell Dyscrasia Patients Identifies that IgG Lambda Subtype is More Commonly Associated with Normal Serum Free Light Chain (SFLC) Ratio.

The determination of monoclonal protein (M-protein) by SPE, IFE and SFLC assay is fundamental in the diagnosis of Plasma cell proliferative disorder (PCPD). In the present study, we seek to assess the diagnostic performance and concordance of these three techniques in un-treated PCPD patients. All new patients with dysproteinemia and/or suspected PCPD were included in this retrospective observational study.

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma diagnosed using flow cytometry. A single-center study of 12 cases from North India.

Background: Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare fatal T-cell neoplasm with unique clinical and laboratory features. There is, however, significant morphological and immunophenotypic heterogeneity which may lead to diagnostic dilemma.

Aims And Objectives: The study was aimed to study the prevalence and clinic-pathological spectrum of this rare variant of T cell lymphoma in the Indian subcontinent.

Extracellular vesicles from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells of severe aplastic anemia patients attenuate hematopoietic functions of CD34 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) regulate hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) niche and extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by BM-MSC are important mediators of the cross-talk between BM-MSC and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). We have previously demonstrated that BM-MSC of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients have an altered expression of hematopoiesis regulatory molecules. In the present study, we observed that CD34 HSPC when cocultured with BM-MSC EVs from aplastic anemia patients exhibited a significant reduction in colony-forming units (p = .

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia masquerading as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a condition characterized by immunological imbalance due to inappropriate activation of macrophage, T/NK cells resulting in hypercytokinemia and subsequent tissue damage. We present an interesting case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who presented to us with clinical and laboratory features of HLH. High index of suspicion for malignancy based on clinical history and bone marrow examination led us to reach at definitive diagnosis of ALL.

Immunophenotypic Characterization and Ploidy Analysis of Neoplastic Plasma Cells by Multiparametric Flow Cytometry.

Unlabelled: Flow cytometric (FCM) immunophenotyping is an important tool for generating diagnostic and prognostic information in plasma cell dyscrasias. This study aimed to evaluate the immunophenotype and ploidy status of plasma cells (PCs) in patients of myeloma and its correlation with other laboratory parameters. Bone marrow of 70 newly diagnosed cases of myeloma were subjected to FCM using a panel of antibodies; CD138, CD38, CD19, CD45, CD28, CD81, CD56, CD200, and CD229.

Prognostic Role of Interim 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in North India.

This study was done to investigate the role of Interim 18-FDG-PET/CT (i-PET) in predicting the outcome of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. The Lymphoma registry data base of the Department of Haematology was reviewed for all newly diagnosed DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP-21 (n = 63). The PET-CT data of these patients at pre-defined time points (baseline, interim and end of treatment) was systematically collected.

Real-world challenges in the management of acute myeloid leukemia: a single-center experience from North India.

Background: The outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in low-middle-income countries (LMIC) is dismal due to delayed clinical presentation and infection-related complications. We aimed to analyze the outcome of patients with AML and the factors associated with its prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care university hospital in North India from January 2015 to December 2019.

CD26 expression on circulating CD34+/CD38- progenitor population is a specific and reliable tool for the rapid flow cytometric diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia-A single-center validation study.

Background: Recently, CD26 have been identified as one of the promising and specific marker for the identification of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Methods: This was a prospective, observational validation study. Peripheral blood (PB) samples from suspected cases of CML and other hematolymphoid neoplasm were evaluated for the expression of CD26 on stem cells (SC) (CD45 dim/CD34+/CD38-) fraction by flow cytometry (FCM) using a single tube four-color antibodies cocktail: CD45-V500 /CD26-PE/CD34-PerCPcy5.

Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Intensive Care Setting.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a new disease characterized by secondary mold infection in patients with COVID-19. It primarily affects patients with COVID-19 in critical state with acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring intensive care and mechanical ventilation. CAPA has a higher mortality rate than COVID-19, posing a serious threat to affected individuals.

Clinical profile and outcome of COVID-19 in haematological malignancies: experience from tertiary care centre in India.

There is limited evidence on various clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with haematological cancers. The risk factors, prognosis, and outcome of patients with haematological cancers with coexistent COVID-19 need to be explored in different subsets of population. A single-institutional prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary level medical institute in North India.

Congenital ADAMTS-13 deficiency presenting as life-threatening thrombosis during pregnancy.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening disease characterised by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and microvascular thrombosis. Congenital TTP accounting for less than 5% of all TTP cases can have a late presentation in adulthood mostly triggered by predisposing factors such as infection, pregnancy and inflammation. We present a case of a 23-year-old woman who presented to us in the postpartum period with mesenteric artery thrombosis with infarcts and later was diagnosed as a case of TTP based on congenital a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 repeats 13 (ADAMTS-13) deficiency detected on ADAMTS-13 levels and gene sequencing.

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Clinico-pathological Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Patients from a Tertiary Care Centre of North India.

Waldenstorms Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare mature B cell neoplasm characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and an IgM monoclonal protein. It is managed by Rituximab based chemotherapy. A single-centre retrospective study was carried out to analyse the clinical presentation, laboratory features, and treatment outcomes of all consecutive patients of WM, diagnosed over a period of 86 months.

Clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features of early T cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A flow cytometry score for the initial diagnosis.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of early T precursor-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ETP-ALL), study its clinicopathological features and devise a 'flow score' based on immunophenotypic profiles.

Material Methods: This was a retrospective study where clinical and laboratory data of all consecutive T-ALL cases were analysed to identify features differentiating ETP from non-ETP-ALL. The utility of a flow score based on the five commonly used markers in leukaemia panels for T-ALL (CD34, CD8, CD5, CD13 and CD33) was evaluated to differentiate ETP from non-ETP-ALL.

Clinical profile, outcome and challenges in the management of pediatric Burkitt lymphoma: a single center experience.

This study was conducted with the aim to assess the clinico-pathological profile, treatment outcomes and the challenges faced in Low Middle Income Countries (LMIC) during management of pediatric Burkitt lymphoma cases on intensive chemotherapy protocol. This was a single center retrospective analysis of pediatric Burkitt lymphoma cases (age <18 years) managed uniformly with Lymphomes Malins B (LMB) 96 chemotherapy protocol between January 2015 and September 2019. 40 cases were analyzed with a median age 11.

Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Cryptosporidium and Microsporidia Infecting Hematological Malignancy Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Microsporidia, associated risk factors and species identification in patients with haematological malignancies (HM).

Methods: A total of 148 consecutive patients with HM and 101 healthy subjects were evaluated for Cryptosporidium and Microsporidia using modified Kinyoun and modified Trichrome staining. Clinical, demographic and laboratory parameters were studied.