Elucidating antibiofilm as well as photocatalytic disinfection potential of green synthesized nanosilver against multi-drug-resistant bacteria and its photodegradation ability of cationic dyes.

Background: Bioinspired nanomaterials have widely been employed as suitable alternatives for controlling biofilm and pathogens due to their distinctive physico-chemical properties.

Methodology: This study explored the antibiofilm as well as photocatalytic potential of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using the cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus for the disinfection of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Salmonella Typhimurium, S.

Occurrence of Coxiellosis in ruminants and its associated risk factors.

Coxiellosis in animals is caused by the zoonotic pathogen, Coxiella burnetii. Although the disease is of public health importance it remains underdiagnosed and underreported. The cross- sectional study was aimed to estimate the occurrence of the disease in livestock of study area and also to identify the risk factors associated with the disease in animals.

Comparative analysis of diagnostic assays for scrub typhus: Unveiling enhanced approaches for accurate detection.

The study comparatively evaluated serological assays, namely, Weil Felix assay, and IgM ELISA with the gold-standard immunofluorescence test (IFAT) for the sensitive and specific serodiagnosis of scrub typhus infection in occupationally exposed groups of humans. A total of 78 serum samples collected from persons affected with various ailments and belonging to different risk groups were screened in the study. Out of the 78 serum samples tested, a total of 17, 26, and 47 samples turned out to be positive by IFAT, IgM ELISA, and Weil Felix test, respectively.

Genetic diversity and risk factor analysis of drug-resistant Escherichia coli recovered from broiler chicken farms.

A total of 38 Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from 120 samples collected from various sources of broiler chicken farms (n = 10 each) in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states. Though the recovered E. coli isolates were found variably resistant to the tested antibiotics, all the tested isolates were susceptible to meropenem.

Expression and localization of apelin and apelin receptor (APJ) in buffalo ovarian follicles and corpus luteum and the in-vitro effect of apelin on steroidogenesis and survival of granulosa cells.

Apelin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone with many physiological functions, including the regulation of female reproduction. It acts through an orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ/APLNR. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of apelin and its receptor APJ in the ovarian follicles and corpus luteum (CL) and the role of apelin on steroidogenesis and cell survival.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative in .

The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs no emphasis. In this study, the in vitro stability, safety, and antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver-entrapped cinnamaldehyde (AgC) against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) were investigated. Further, the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of AgC against MDR-EAEC was also assessed in Galleria mellonella larval model.

Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Lactobacillus Acidophilus as an Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Agent Against Multi-drug Resistant Enteroaggregative Escherichia Coli.

The present study was envisaged to employ the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus, to assess its antibacterial as well as antibiofilm activity against multi-drug-resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (MDR-EAEC) strains and to investigate their antioxidant activity. In this study, AgNPs were successfully synthesized through an eco-friendly protocol, which was then confirmed by its X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. A weight loss of 15% up to 182 °C with a narrow exothermic peak between 170 °C and 205 °C was observed in thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), while aggregated nanoclusters were observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

In silico molecular docking and in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of phytochemicals against multi-drug-resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp.

Background: In the wake of emergence of antimicrobial resistance, bioactive phytochemical compounds are proving to be important therapeutic agents. The present study envisaged in silico molecular docking as well as in vitro antimicrobial efficacy screening of identified phytochemical ligands to the dispersin (aap) and outer membrane osmoporin (OmpC) domains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS), respectively.

Journey towards National Institute of One Health in India.

Background & Objectives: Issues such as emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food security, biosafety and biosecurity are associated with changes in land use, population growth, urbanization, global travel and trade and climate change. As a result, a trans-disciplinary approach among human, animal and environmental health disciplines gained support. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) decided to establish a National Institute of One Health at Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

First complete genome characterization of swinepox virus directly from a clinical sample indicates divergence of a Eurasian-lineage virus.

In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of swinepox virus from a clinical sample from a naturally occurring infection in India. The sequencing was done on a Nanopore MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Two new annotations were added to the genome.

Exploring Galleria mellonella larval model to evaluate antibacterial efficacy of Cecropin A (1-7)-Melittin against multi-drug resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.

High throughput in vivo laboratory models is need for screening and identification of effective therapeutic agents to overcome microbial drug-resistance. This study was undertaken to evaluate in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of short-chain antimicrobial peptide- Cecropin A (1-7)-Melittin (CAMA) against three multi-drug resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (MDR-EAEC) field isolates in a Galleria mellonella larval model. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; 2.

Exploiting Lactoferricin (17-30) as a Potential Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Candidate Against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative .

The study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), lactoferricin (17-30) [Lfcin (17-30)], against biofilm-forming multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of enteroaggregative (EAEC), and subsequently, the antimicrobial efficacy was assessed in a larval model. Initially, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; 32 μM), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC; 32 μM), and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC; 32 μM) of Lfcin (17-30) were determined against MDR-EAEC field isolates ( = 3). Lfcin (17-30) was tested stable against high-end temperatures (70 and 90°C), physiological concentration of cationic salts (150 mM NaCl and 2 mM MgCl), and proteases (proteinase-K and lysozyme).

Molecular characterisation of methicillin-resistant isolated from patients at a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad, South India.

Context: Infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) greatly influence clinical outcome. Molecular characterisation of MRSA can help to predict their spread and to institute treatment and hospital protocols.

Aim: The aim of this study is to understand the diversity of MRSA in a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad, India.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Indolicidin Against Multi-Drug Resistant Enteroaggregative in a Model.

Antimicrobial resistance against enteroaggregative (EAEC), an emerging food-borne pathogen, has been observed in an increasing trend recently. In the recent wake of antimicrobial resistance, alternate strategies especially, cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted considerable attention to source antimicrobial technology solutions. This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of Indolicidin against multi-drug resistant enteroaggregative (MDR-EAEC) strains and further to assess its antimicrobial efficacy in larval model.

Abundance of adiponectin mRNA transcript in the buffalo corpus luteum during the estrous cycle and effects on progesterone secretion in vitro.

Adiponectin is an adipocyte derived cytokine implicated in energy homeostasis, insulin resistance and is involved in the regulation of reproduction both centrally and peripherally in animals. The present study was conducted to investigate adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and its receptors ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 abundance of mRNA transcript and protein in different stages of corpora lutea (CL) development during the estrous cycle of water buffalo and to determine the effect of adiponectin on cultured luteal cells of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The results indicate adiponectin, ADIPOR1, and ADIPOR2 were present in buffalo corpora lutea (CL) throughout the estrous cycle.

Expression and localization of adiponectin and its receptors in ovarian follicles during different stages of development and the modulatory effect of adiponectin on steroid production in water buffalo.

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone regulating energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity and recently found to regulate reproduction. The current study was carried out to investigate gene and protein expression, immunolocalization of adiponectin and its receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in ovarian follicles of different developmental stages in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and to investigate the effect of adiponectin on steroid production in cultured bubaline granulosa cells. qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were applied to demonstrate mRNA expression, protein expression and immunolocalization, respectively.

Draft Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes CIIMS-NV-3, a Strain Isolated from Vaginal Discharge of a Woman from Central India.

We present here the draft genome sequence of Listeria monocytogenes CIIMS-NV-3, a serovar 4b strain isolated from the vaginal swab of a female patient from central India. The availability of this genome may provide useful information on virulence characteristics for comparative genomic analysis.

Identification and characterization of a novel infectious bursal disease virus from outbreaks in Maharashtra Province of India.

Aim: The study was undertaken to isolate infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) from clinical cases in broiler and cockerel flocks of Maharashtra state, India, and its molecular epidemiological investigation.

Materials And Methods: The morbid bursal tissues were collected from flocks suspected for IBD. The samples were subjected for virus adaptation in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells followed by confirmation by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for partial VP sequence and phylogenetic analysis.

Apparent prevalence and risk factors associated with occurrence of Coxiella burnetii infection in goats and humans in Chhattisgarh and Odisha, India.

Coxiella burnetii is one of the most contagious pathogen associated with Q fever in humans, while, ruminants act as important source of infection for humans. In the present cross sectional study, a total of 464 samples were collected from 218 goats comprising of 218 sera, 218 blood and 28 milk from various parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha region, India. Besides, environmental (33; soil- 4, faecal- 10, feed-6, drainage water- 6, drinking water- 7) and rodent (38) samples were also collected from the premises of the animals.

Pathological and molecular identification of porcine cysticercosis in Maharashtra, India.

Porcine cysticercosis, caused by metacestodes of Taenia solium is an important emerging zoonotic disease with public health and economic significance. Pigs acquire the disease through consumption of Taenia solium eggs excreted by human tapeworm carriers. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Nagpur and Mumbai region of Maharashtra, India by P/M examination of carcasses followed by histopathology of affected organs in infected animals and molecular identification of cysts for confirmation.

Listeria goaensis sp. nov.

Two Listeria-like isolates obtained from mangrove swamps in Goa, India were characterized using polyphasic combinations of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and whole-genome sequence (WGS)-based approaches. The isolates presented as short, non-spore-forming, Gram-positive rods, that were non-motile, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and exhibited α-haemolysis on 5 % sheep- and horse-blood agar plates. The 16S rRNA gene sequences exhibited 93.

Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Rodents and Mites from Central India.

Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus in humans, is an obligate intracytosolic bacterium transmitted among animals and to humans by some species of larval trombiculid mites (chiggers) and is hosted mainly by rodents. In this study, we attempted detection of O. tsutsugamushi from blood and tissue samples of rodents trapped from different locations in Central India using PCR targeting the 56 kDa outer membrane protein gene and the 47 kDa high temperature transmembrane protein gene.

Comparative diagnostic efficacy of recombinant LLO and PI-PLC-based ELISAs for detection of listeriosis in animals.

The present study for the first time evaluates the serodiagnostic efficacy of two recombinant antigens namely, listeriolysin O (rLLO) and phosphatidyl-inositol phospholipase C (rPI-PLC). Indirect ELISA with the above recombinant antigens was used on samples collected from bovines (n=106), goats (n=138) and pigs (n=92) having either a history of abortion, emaciation and/or apparently healthy animals. Isolation of Listeria was attempted from the blood samples using USDA-FSIS method.

PCR diagnosis of tick-borne pathogens in Maharashtra state, India indicates fitness cost associated with carrier infections is greater for crossbreed than native cattle breeds.

Tick-borne pathogens (TBP) are responsible for significant economic losses to cattle production, globally. This is particularly true in countries like India where TBP constrain rearing of high yielding Bos taurus, as they show susceptibility to acute tick borne disease (TBD), most notably tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata. This has led to a programme of cross breeding Bos taurus (Holstein-Friesian or Jersey) with native Bos indicus (numerous) breeds to generate cattle that are more resistant to disease.