A comparison of DAP and RENAL scoring systems in the achievement of trifecta in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Purpose: The concept of 'trifecta' outcome postulated for radical prostatectomy has been adopted for partial nephrectomy, the gold standard for management of small renal masses. We sought to evaluate the role of nephrometry scores in predicting outcomes in terms of the trifecta. We compared two scoring systems for renal tumour complexity (RENAL and DAP) in the prediction of trifecta outcomes.

Efficacy of 1 versus 3 days of intravenous amikacin as a prophylaxis for patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate: A prospective randomized trial.

Introduction: There are no uniform guidelines on the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 1 day versus 3 days of intravenous amikacin as prophylaxis, before TURP.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective randomized control trial, patients with sterile preoperative urine culture were randomized to receive either 1 day (Group A) or 3 days (Group B) of intravenous (IV) amikacin.

Satisfaction and genital perception after orchiectomy for prostate cancer: does the technique matter? A randomized trial.

Objectives: Bilateral extracapsular or total orchiectomy (BEO) for prostate cancer is presumed to have psychological consequences after the surgery due to perception of an empty scrotum. Bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy (BSO) was designed to preserve perception of palpable testes. We compared the patients' satisfaction and genital perception following BEO and BSO.

Chyluria with massive proteinuria: Do not reach for the biopsy gun!

We report on a patient presenting with persistent chyluria due to filariasis, whose clinical course was complicated by massive proteinuria and severe hypoalbuminemia. Treatment with dietary manipulation, antifilarials, and sclerotherapy resulted in successful reversal of the above abnormalities. It has been reported that chyluria is not associated with massive proteinuria, or that even in cases of massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia is not seen and implies a glomerular pathology.

Tamsulosin and placebo vs tamsulosin and tadalafil in male lower urinary tract symptoms: a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin vs the combination of tamsulosin and tadalafil in male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Patients And Methods: This was a double-blinded, parallel-arm randomised controlled trial. Men aged >45 years with moderate LUTS and a maximum urinary flow rate (Q ) of 5-15 mL/s were included.

The Impact of Narrow Band Imaging in the Detection and Resection of Bladder Tumor in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Prospective, Blinded, Sequential Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine the impact of Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) in detection and resection of tumors during transurethral resection of bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: This was a single center randomized prospective interventional study with a sequential intervention design. Patients with bladder tumors were randomized into 2 arms where they were resected under white light (WL) first followed by NBI in arm A, or NBI followed by WL in arm B.

Can kidneys be saved in patients with urinary tuberculosis? A study in the era of modern chemotherapy and surgical armamentarium.

Objective: To assess renal unit survival and factors affecting renal salvageability in a cohort of patients receiving modern medical and surgical therapy for urinary tuberculosis.

Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study including all patients diagnosed and treated as urinary tuberculosis between 2005 and 2015 at Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. The primary outcome was time to renal unit non-salvageability (estimated glomerular filtration rate of <15 mL/min).

Positive ureteric margins at radical cystectomy: Can it be predicted at initial transurethral resection of bladder tumour?

Objective: To identify primary tumour-related factors at transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) that may predict positive distal ureteric margins (PUM) at the time of radical cystectomy (RC).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective, cohort study was conducted using our institution's data from June 2007 to June 2016. Patients who underwent TURBT followed by RC for non-metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder were identified.

The effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, tadalafil, on potassium chloride-induced contractions of isolated human ureteral tissue.

Introduction: Drugs causing ureteral relaxation are used for medical expulsive therapy (MET) for stones. We investigated the ability of tadalafil to cause relaxation of potassium chloride (KCl)-induced contractions of isolated human ureteral tissue.

Materials And Methods: Eight grossly normal proximal ureteral tissues were collected from the radical and donor nephrectomy specimen.

Efficacy and role of Xpert /rifampicin assay in urinary tuberculosis.

Introduction: The aim was to study the accuracy of Xpert (Cepheid Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) /rifampicin (MTB/RIF) assay as compared to a composite gold standard (urine culture, imaging, and biopsy) and to asses its utility as the initial test compared to smear microscopy to diagnose urinary tuberculosis.

Methods: This prospective study included adult patients suspected to have urinary tuberculosis from March 2014 to December 2017.

Urodynamic outcomes of tamsulosin in the treatment of primary bladder neck obstruction in men.

Introduction: Alpha blockers are widely used in the treatment of primary bladder neck obstruction; however, evidence for objective urodynamic efficacy is scarce. We studied the effect of the uroselective α1-blocker tamsulosin on urodynamic parameters in male patients with type I primary bladder neck obstruction.

Methods: A single center prospective observational study was carried out from July 2013 to February 2015.

A prospective randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial to assess the effect of diuretics on shockwave lithotripsy of calculi.

Objective: To assess the effect of diuretics with shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) on the treatment of renal and upper ureteric calculi.

Patients And Methods: Adult patients with a solitary non-obstructive radio-opaque renal or upper ureteric calculus with normal renal function were included. They were prospectively randomised to receive either SWL with placebo or SWL with diuretics (40 mg parenteral furosemide) in a double-blind manner with a sample size of 48 patients in each arm.

"Flying-saucer in the pelvis" sign: An equivalent of "pelvic Mickey mouse" sign.

Isolated bilateral inguinal vesical hernia with urinary bladder as the only content is very rare. "Pelvic Mickey mouse" sign is a radiological sign described classically for bilateral inguinal vesical hernia on transverse axial imaging. Another imaging finding of a "Flying-saucer in the pelvis" sign seen on conventional intravenous urography is being presented.

Perioperative complications and postoperative outcomes of partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: Does indication matter?

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine whether perioperative complications and postoperative outcomes varied with the indication of partial nephrectomy (PN).

Materials And Methods: We reviewed data of 184 consecutive PN for suspected renal cell carcinoma operated between January 2004 and December 2013. Complications using the Clavien-Dindo classification were compared between surgeries for absolute indications (chronic renal failure, bilateral tumors, or solitary kidney), those for relative indications (comorbid illnesses with the potential to affect renal function) and elective indications (patients without risk factors).

Can we predict the need for intervention in steinstrasse following shock wave lithotripsy?

Introduction: Steinstrasse (SS) is a known complication of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Although the majority of SS clears spontaneously, about 6% require intervention. This study was carried out to identify the factors that determine the need for intervention in SS.

A rare cause of anuria: Bilateral synchronous isolated mid-ureteric tubercular lesions.

A young female presenting with right flank pain, fever, raised creatinine and bilateral hydronephrosis was treated with antibiotics elsewhere, with presumptive diagnosis of bilateral pyelonephritis. She had partial relief in symptoms and her creatinine level showed an improvement. Three months later during evaluation at our center she had anuria, hypertensive crisis and pulmonary edema which were managed with emergency bilateral percutaneous nephrostomies.

Is thrombocytosis a useful prognostic marker in renal cell carcinoma? Results of a single-center retrospective analysis.

Introduction: Our aim was to determine the correlation of platelet count with stage and grade of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to determine whether progression of disease was more likely in those with thrombocytosis.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of patients with RCC from January 2004 to December 2011 was undertaken. Patients with no preoperative platelet count and those with multiple tumors were excluded.

Focused ultrasound guided relocation of kidney stones.

Purpose: Complete removal of all fragments is the goal of any intervention for urinary stones. This is more important in lower pole stones where gravity and spatial orientation of lower pole infundibulum may hinder spontaneous passage of fragments. Various adjuvant therapies (inversion, diuresis, percussion, oral citrate, etc.

Management of urological malignancies: Has positron emission tomography/computed tomography made a difference?

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) technology has been a significant, but expensive addition to the oncologist's armamentarium. The aim of this review was to determine the clinical utility of PET/CT in urological oncology, its impact on disease outcome and cost-effectiveness. We searched MedLine and peer reviewed journals for all relevant literature available online from the year 2000 until January 2014 regarding the use of PET/CT in the management of urological malignancies.

Nanobacteria in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis: Myth or reality?

Stone formation in the urinary tract is a common phenomenon with associated morbidity. The exact physicochemical factors responsible for stone formation are not clearly known. Over the past decade considerable interest has been generated in defining the role of nanobacteria in urinary stone formation.

Exstrophy-epispadias complex presenting in adulthood: a single-center review of presentation, management, and outcomes.

Objective: To study the presentation, management, and outcome of patients with exstrophy-epispadias complex, who present in adulthood (aged >18 years).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of the electronic medical records of patients with exstrophy-epispadias complex managed from January 2001 to December 2010 was undertaken. Patients aged >18 years at presentation, with detailed medical records were selected.

Painful varicoceles: Role of varicocelectomy.

The incidence of varicocele in the general population is up to 15%. It is estimated that the prevalence of pain with varicoceles is around 2-10%. Till the year 2000, only two studies evaluated efficacy of varicocelectomy in painful varicoceles with conflicting results.

Early urinary diversion with ileal conduit and vesicovaginostomy in the treatment of radiation cystitis due to carcinoma cervix: a study from a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Background: To study the magnitude of radiation cystitis following radiation therapy for carcinoma cervix, and propose an algorithm to decide on early diversion, with or without vesicovaginostomy.

Methods: Women who developed radiation cystitis following radiotherapy for carcinoma cervix from January 1998 to December 2011 were included in this retrospective study. Electronic hospital records were analysed to document the presence of radiation cystitis.