Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among habitual gutkha and areca nut chewers in Moradabad district.

Background: To determine the prevalence and severity of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) among habitual gutkha, areca nut and pan chewers of Moradabad, India.

Method: A survey was conducted for a period of one year in east, west, north and south zones of Moradabad district, Uttar Pradesh. One thousand habitual chewers were selected as study participants, using a stratified random sampling technique, between the ages of 11-40 yrs, with a habit of chewing gutkha, areca nut, pan for over a year.

Two interesting cases of EEC syndrome.

Aim: To report two cases of EEC syndrome with oral involvement to highlight the fact that the dental surgeon may be among the first to recognise the condition.

Introduction: The EEC syndrome, a rare congenital syndrome is characterised by ectodermal dysplasia, distal limb anomaly, cleft lip and palate and lachrymal duct anomalies although the term oligosymptomatic EEC syndrome has been suggested for cases in which ectrodactyly may be absent and that such cases should not be deprived of the EEC syndrome diagnosis. It is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity and penetrance and all these features rarely coexist in a single individual.

Evaluation of impacted mandibular third molars by panoramic radiography.

Objective. The study was to evaluate impacted mandibular third molars (IM3M) for their angulation, level of eruption, third molar space and relation of inferior alveolar canal with their roots. Methods.

Prognosti implications of pigment epithelial detachment in bevacizumab (avastin)-treated eyes with age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: To evaluate the response to primary bevacizumab treatment of eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) with a large pigment epithelial detachment (PED) component and to compare the increase in visual acuity and reabsorption of retinal fluid in PED eyes with eyes with CNV in AMD with a minimal to no PED component.

Methods: We reviewed 43 consecutive eyes with CNV and AMD on primary bevacizumab therapy. There were 13 eyes with a large PED component in AMD with CNV and 30 eyes with a minimal to no PED in CNV.

Oral lichen planus - Review on etiopathogenesis.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease of uncertain etiopathogenesis. Several factors including stress, genetics, systemic diseases, viruses, dental restorative materials and drugs have been implicated as causative agents. The disease seems to be mediated by an antigen specific mechanism, activating cytotoxic T cells, and non specific mechanisms like mast cell degranulation and matrix metalloproteinase activation.

Optical coherence tomography-raster scanning and manual segmentation in determining drusen volume in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Drusen are the hallmark of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and substantial evidence exists that the amount of drusen and their effect on retinal pigment epithelium is a strong predictor of progression of AMD and vision loss. Until recently, it was not possible to quantitate the volume of the drusen. However, the use of image-stabilized scanning laser ophthalmoscope or spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled determination of drusen volume of this abnormal material.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography for imaging ERM, retinal edema, and vitreomacular interface.

Purpose: To evaluate images taken with OTI-OPKO Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT; OTI-OPKO Health Inc, Miami, FL)/scanning laser ophthalmoscope (resolution of 5-8 microm) and compare them with conventional StratusOCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc, Dublin, CA) in eyes with epiretinal membranes (ERMs), macular edema, and vitreoretinal interface abnormalities.

Methods: We evaluated 79 consecutive eyes with retinal pathologies using Spectral OCT/scanning laser ophthalmoscope and StratusOCT at the Jacobs Retina Center, University of California San Diego, CA. Pathologies included ERM, macular edema, and vitreomacular traction.

Correlation between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence at the margins of geographic atrophy.

Purpose: To study the appearance of margins of geographic atrophy in high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and to correlate those changes with fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging.

Design: Retrospective, observational case study.

Methods: Patients with geographic atrophy secondary to dry age-related macular degeneration were assessed by means of spectral-domain OCT (Spectralis Heidelberg Retinal Angiograph/OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany; or OTI Inc, Toronto, Canada) as well as autofluorescence imaging (Heidelberg Retinal Angiograph or Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering).

Interferon induced sarcoid uveitis with papillitis and macular edema.

Purpose: To describe the ocular manifestations of interferon induced sarcoidosis.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: A 42-year-old woman with hepatitis C developed papillitis and macular edema together with cutaneous lesions 3 months after starting interferon and ribavirin therapy.

The role of abnormal vitreomacular adhesion in age-related macular degeneration: spectral optical coherence tomography and surgical results.

Purpose: To assess the incidence of vitreomacular adhesion and traction in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and to evaluate surgical treatment in a subset of patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) nonresponsive to anti-neovascular growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.

Design: Retrospective observational case-control and interventional case series.

Methods: Spectral optical coherence tomography, combined with simultaneous scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Spectral OCT/SLO), was performed in 170 eyes of 94 elderly patients, 61 with exudative AMD, 59 with nonexudative AMD, and 50 control eyes.