Intravitreal therapy for the management of diabetic retinopathy: A concise review.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and may result in irreversible visual loss. Laser treatment has been the gold standard treatment for diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy for many years. Of late, intravitreal therapy has emerged as a cornerstone in the management of DR.

Use of Color Channel Optimization in 3D Heads-Up Vitrectomy vs Standard Operating Microscope for Macular Surgeries.

To compare the efficacy and safety of color channel optimization with 3-dimensional (3D) heads-up vitrectomy (3D HUD group) vs standard operating microscope vitrectomy (control group) for macular surgery. This retrospective multicenter comparative study comprised patients having 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for macular hole, epiretinal membrane (ERM), or vitreomacular traction. The minimum follow-up was 6 months.

An Update on Noninfectious Retinal Vasculitis.

Background: Retinal vasculitis (RV) signifies the inflammation of various retinal vessels. Noninfectious RV differs from infectious RV with regard to its pathogenesis and treatment. It can have varied clinical presentations and may be associated with systemic vasculitic diseases.

Outcomes after giant peripheral retinotomy and anterior flap retinectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy using small gauge vitrectomy.

Purpose: To analyze the visual and anatomical outcomes for eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) undergoing giant peripheral retinotomy (GPR) using 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods: In this retrospective multi-center study, patients with RRD with either anteroposterior or circumferential retinal shortening and advanced PVR requiring more than 90-degree GPR with/without relaxing retinotomy were included. Subjects of either gender, any age group, and with complete surgical notes were included.

Update on coronavirus disease 2019: Ophthalmic Manifestations and Adverse Reactions to Vaccination.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was one of the most devastating public health issues in recent decades. The ophthalmology community is as concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic as the global public health community is, as COVID-19 was recognized to affect multiple organs in the human body, including the eyes, early in the course of the outbreak. Ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 are highly variable and could range from mild ocular surface abnormalities to potentially sight and life-threatening orbital and neuro-ophthalmic diseases.

Intravitreal immunotherapy in non-infectious uveitis: an update.

Introduction: In the past several years, there have been numerous advances in pharmacotherapeutics for the management of uveitis and other ocular inflammatory diseases, including newer therapeutic agents and ocular drug delivery systems. One of the most attractive modes of drug delivery is the intravitreal route since it has proven to be safe and efficacious and prevents unwanted systemic adverse events related to the agent.

Areas Covered: In this review, intravitreal delivery of various pharmacotherapeutic agents for noninfectious uveitis has been described.

Ocular syphilis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Purpose: Re-emergent ocular syphilis in patients with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection has both diagnostic and management difficulties because of the overlapping risk factors. The clinical manifestations described in non-HIV may not be the same in patients with HIV coinfection. Immune recovery uveitis (IRU) may also alter the course of the disease causing recurrences.

Nontubercular Mycobacteria Associated Uveitis in HIV Positive Patients.

Purpose: To report clinical features and outcomes of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) presenting as uveitis in HIV positive patients.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of HIV positive patients who were diagnosed as uveitis due to NTM.

Results: Six eyes of four HIV positive patients with NTM were studied.

Posterior hypopyon in fungal endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to presumably contaminated dextrose infusion.

Purpose: To describe the presentation, clinical course and management of a patient with posterior hypopyon secondary to atypical (fungal) endogenous endophthalmitis.

Observations: A 55-year-old Asian Indian female presented with decreased vision in the left eye (OS). The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye (OD) and counting fingers (CF) in the left eye (OS) at the time of initial presentation.

Fungal retinitis following influenza virus type A (H1N1) infection.

A 43-year-old male presented with left eye foveal retinits causing an acute visual loss following influenza virus type A infection (H1N1 infection or Swine flu). Considering viral (influenza) etiology, a prompt treatment with oral corticosteroids was started. But an initial poor response prompted an immediate diagnostic vitrectomy, which revealed Candida albicans.

Optic Disc Neovascularization in Tubercular Serpiginous-Like Choroiditis.

Optic disc neovascularization in uveitis is uncommon, and has been associated with chronic inflammations like Behcet's disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, sarcoidosis, etc. To our knowledge, optic disc neovascularization has not been reported in tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis. We report three such cases.

Clinical profile of uveitis patients developing central serous chorioretinopathy: An experience at a tertiary eye care center in India.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical profile of patients with uveitis who developed central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Retrospective case series of consecutive patients of uveitis with CSC managed at a tertiary eye care center in India between 1994 and 2014. The data about clinical features, investigations, treatment, and outcomes were obtained from their medical records.

Familial Nanophthalmos Presenting with Spontaneous Uveal Effusion Syndrome.

: To report two unique cases of spontaneous uveal effusion syndrome (UES) from the same family.: The patients included father (54 years old) and a daughter (23 years old). The father presented 7 years ago with bilateral exudative retinal detachment, nanophthalmic eyes (axial length 16.

Uveitis in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa: 30 Years' Consecutive Data.

Purpose: To describe the clinical pattern of uveitis in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) at a tertiary care eye hospital over a period of 30 years.

Methods: The medical records of 32 eyes of 22 patients of RP with uveitis were included in this study. Collected data included age, subsets of uveitis, best corrected visual acuities (BCVA), detailed laboratory investigations, and treatment.

Pattern of Uveitic Hypotony in a Tertiary Eye Hospital in India.

Purpose: To report pattern of uveitic patients with hypotony in Indian population.

Methods: Retrospective medical record review of 30 eyes of 21 consecutive patients with uveitic hypotony. Patient demographics, ocular findings and systemic association were recorded.