Color Doppler ultrasound in high-low risk pregnancies and its relationship to fetal outcomes: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To calculate the multivessel color Doppler indices in high-risk and low-risk pregnancies and relate these to fetal outcomes.

Methods: The investigation involved 60 patients who were pregnant. The patients were separated into groups according to assessment of low and high risk.

Assessment of compatibility of rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 with neonatal intravenous medications.

Background: Recombinant human (rh)IGF-1/IGFBP-3 protein complex, administered as a continuous intravenous infusion in preterm infants, is being studied for the prevention of complications of prematurity.

Methods: We conducted in vitro studies to evaluate the physical and chemical compatibility of rhIGF-1/IGFBP-3 with medications routinely administered to preterm neonates. In vitro mixing of rhIGF-1/IGFBP-3 drug product with small-molecule test medications plus corresponding controls was performed.

Efficacy of single versus multiple exposure by electromagnetic modalities on gram-negative and positive bacterial strains in an in-vitro model.

Objectives: The primary purpose of the recent experiment was to scrutinize the dissimilarity between single and multiple exposures by electrotherapeutic modalities to determine the development of Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria spectrum.

Material And Methods: Bacterial strains employed in this study were Gram-negative bacteria such as and and Gram-positive bacteria such as and Fluence for Low level laser therapy (LLLT) (810 nm) was 40 J/cm for 80 s, for microwave (MWD) a dosage of 100-Watt with duration of 5 min and for magnetic field therapy (MT) duration of 30 min with 100% intensity was used.

Results: Repeated Measures of analysis of variances (RANOVA) for within-subject effects was used to detect a global significant change within the means at dissimilar time points.

Residual Host Cell Protein Promotes Polysorbate 20 Degradation in a Sulfatase Drug Product Leading to Free Fatty Acid Particles.

This study investigated the root cause behind an observed free fatty acid particle formation and resulting Polysorbate 20 (PS20) loss for a sulfatase drug product upon long-term storage at 5 ± 3°C. Reversed- phase chromatography with mass spectrometric analysis as well as charged aerosol detection was used to characterize the peaks associated with the intact and degraded PS20. Additionally, a proteomics study was undertaken to identify the residual host cell proteins in the sulfatase drug substance.

Weak antibody-cyclodextrin interactions determined by quartz crystal microbalance and dynamic/static light scattering.

In a quest to elucidate the mechanism by which hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) stabilizes antibodies against shaking stress, two heavily debated hypotheses exist, namely that stabilization is due to HPβCD's surface activity, or due to specific interactions with proteins. In a previous study by Serno et al. (Pharm.

Protein-silicone oil interactions: comparative effect of nonionic surfactants on the interfacial behavior of a fusion protein.

Purpose: To study the effect of three nonionic surfactants on the protein-silicone oil interactions.

Methods: The adsorption of Tween® 80, Pluronic® F68 and Tween® 20 at the silicone oil/water interface (using shifts in frequency (ΔF) and resistance (ΔR) with quartz crystal microbalance) was compared to the adsorption at air/water interface (using surface tension). Effect of surfactants on protein adsorption to the silicone oil/water interface was studied in sequential- and co-adsorption modes.

Application of maximum bubble pressure surface tensiometer to study protein-surfactant interactions.

Binding of a surfactant to proteins can affect their physicochemical stability and solubility in a formulation. The extent of the effect depends on the binding stoichiometry. In this study, we have utilized the technique of maximum bubble pressure surface tensiometry to characterize the binding between human serum albumin (HSA) and surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polysorbate 80) by dynamic surface tension measurements.

The effect of Tween(®) 20 on silicone oil-fusion protein interactions.

There is evidence in the literature that silicone oil, a lubricant, can induce aggregation in protein formulations delivered through prefilled syringes. Surfactants are commonly used to minimize protein-silicone oil and protein-container interactions; however, these interactions are not well characterized and understood. The purpose of this manuscript was to understand the competitive interactions of a fusion protein with the silicone oil in the presence of Tween(®) 20.

Impact of short range hydrophobic interactions and long range electrostatic forces on the aggregation kinetics of a monoclonal antibody and a dual-variable domain immunoglobulin at low and high concentrations.

The purpose of this work was to determine the nature of long and short-range forces governing protein aggregation kinetics at low and high concentrations for a monoclonal antibody (IgG1) and a dual-variable-domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig). Protein-protein interactions (PPI) were studied under dilute conditions by utilizing the methods of static (B(22)) and dynamic light scattering (k(D)). PPI in solutions containing minimal ionic strengths were characterized to get detailed insights into the impact of ionic strength on aggregation.

Application of quartz crystal microbalance to study the impact of pH and ionic strength on protein-silicone oil interactions.

In this study, we have used quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to quantitate the adsorption of a protein on silicone oil coated surfaces as a function of protein concentration, pH and ionic strength using a 5 MHz quartz crystal. Protein adsorption isotherms were generated at different solution pH and ionic strengths. Surface saturation concentrations were selected from adsorption isotherms and used to generate adsorption profiles from pH 3.

Microemulsions as potential drug delivery systems: a review.

By many estimates, up to 40 percent of new chemical entities discovered by the pharmaceutical industry are poorly soluble or lipophilic compounds. Solubilization of hydrophobic drugs with low aqueous solubility has been a major area of interest in recent years. Various solubilization techniques involve the use of co-solvents and surfactants along with pH adjustments.

Nanoemulsion system for the transdermal delivery of a poorly soluble cardiovascular drug.

The purpose of the present study is to develop and evaluate the potential of nanoemulsions for increasing the solubility and the in vitro transdermal delivery of carvedilol. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were developed and various nanoemulsion formulations were prepared using oleic acid and isopropyl myristate (IPM) (1:1) as the oil, Tween 80 as surfactant, and Transcutol P as cosurfactant. The prepared nanoemulsions were subjected to physical stability tests.

Iontophoresis - an approach for controlled drug delivery: a review.

The recent approval of lidocaine hydrochloride and epinephrine combined iontophoretic patch (Lidosite Vysteris Inc.) for localized pain treatment by FDA has invigorated the gaining interest in iontophoretic drug delivery systems for the transdermal delivery of drugs. This technique of facilitated movement of ions across a membrane under the influence of an externally applied electric potential difference, is one of the most promising physical skin penetration enhancing method.