Strength characterization and sustainability assessment of coal bottom ash concrete.

Coal bottom ash (CBA) which is waste and environment contaminant has been used in grinded and raw form as replacement of Portland cement (PC) and natural fine aggregates (NFA) in concrete. The combined effect of grinding period (GP) (2-10 h), grinded CBA (GCBA) (10-30%), and raw CBA (0-50%) on strength and microstructural characteristics was investigated and optimized along with its sustainability assessment. An enhancement in strength parameters with an increase in GP and replacement of PC and NFA with GCBA and CBA respectively was observed.