The efficacy of inhaled nanoparticle tacrolimus in preventing rejection in an orthotopic rat lung transplant model.

Objective: The immunosuppressive efficacy of inhaled nanoparticle tacrolimus was compared with systemic tacrolimus in a rodent allogeneic lung transplant model.

Methods: Sixteen rats underwent allogeneic left orthotopic lung transplantation and were divided into 3 treatment groups: (1) inhaled nanoparticle tacrolimus: 6.4 mg tacrolimus/6.