Unveiling therapeutic dynamics: An in-depth comparative analysis of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and favipiravir in alleviating COVID-19 outpatients impacts among middle-aged and special populations (MA-FAST).

Background: Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NMabs) are recognized for their efficacy against non-severe COVID-19. However, spike protein mutations may confer resistance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of favipiravir (FPV) versus NMabs in preventing severe COVID-19 in special populations.

Current German Recommendations and International Research on the Use of COVID-19 Boosters among Health Care Providers in 2024: A Narrative Review.

While the World Health Organization (WHO) has de-escalated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a global health emergency, ongoing discussions persist as new viral variants. This article aimed to consolidate German recommendations and international research to offer health care providers (HCPs) a comprehensive guide on COVID-19 boosters in 2024. The review outlines key recommendations from the German Robert Koch Institute.

Efficacy of combined COVID-19 convalescent plasma with oral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor treatment versus neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy in COVID-19 outpatients: a multi-center, non-inferiority, open-label randomized controlled trial (PlasMab).

This pivotal study reveals that high neutralizing titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) combined with favipiravir (FPV) is non-inferior to sotrovimab in preventing hospitalization and severe outcomes in outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and high-risk comorbidities. It underscores the potential of CPT-FPV as a viable alternative to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies like sotrovimab, especially amid emerging variants with spike protein mutations. The study's unique approach, comparing a monoclonal antibody with CPT, demonstrates the efficacy of early intervention using high neutralizing antibody titer CPT, even in populations with a significant proportion of elderly patients.

The real-world effectiveness of fluvoxamine therapy in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients; A historical cohort study (Fluvoxa Trial).

Background: Fluvoxamine (FVX) has been proposed as a potential treatment for severe COVID-19 by the σ-1 receptor agonist, which can reduce cytokine production. However, the efficacy of FVX remains controversial.

Methods: A historical retrospective cohort study was conducted in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, 2:1 ratio of standard of care (SOC) and FVX treatments to assess the effectiveness of FVX in preventing deterioration by the fifth day of treatment.

Favipiravir treatment in non-severe COVID-19: promising results from multicenter propensity score-matched study (FAVICOV).

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of favipiravir (FPV) in preventing the development of severe COVID-19 in patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms. The study evaluated 1037 COVID-19 patients treated with FPV or standard treatment between April and September 2021, analyzed by propensity score matching. 149 patients were included in each arm after propensity score matching.

Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata extract treatment in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients being treated with favipiravir: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study (APFaVi trial).

Background: While favipiravir had been the standard anti-SARS-CoV-3 drug for COVID-19 treatment in Thailand, the efficacy of favipiravir treatment is controversial. Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) inhibits viral entry, exhibits immunomodulatory effects, and proposes to have the potential for early-stage COVID-19 treatment.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in Thailand during June - September 2021.

Protection of inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with comorbidities: a prospective cohort study.

Protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of inactivated vaccines is not well characterized in people with comorbidities, who are at high risk of severe infection. We compared the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after complete vaccination with Sinopharm/BBIBP in people with comorbidities (e.g.

Efficacy of combination therapy of fluvoxamine and favipiravir vs favipiravir monotherapy to prevent severe COVID-19 among mild to moderate COVID-19 patients: Open-label randomized controlled trial (EFFaCo study).

Objectives: Fluvoxamine (FVX) is an antidepressant proposed to its immunomodulatory effects in preventing deterioration in mild and moderate COVID-19.

Methods: An open-label, 1:1 randomized controlled trial was assigned either combination therapy 50 mg twice daily of FVX for 10 days and favipiravir (FPV) or FPV alone to assess the efficacy in preventing disease progression in mild to moderate COVID-19 on the 5 day.

Results: In total, 134 patients with mild COVID-19 received FPV and 132 received FVX/FPV, 31 patients with moderate COVID-19 received FPV/dexamethasone (FPV/Dex), and 30 received FVX/FPV/Dex.

The Real-World Clinical Outcomes of Favipiravir Treatment with Telemedicine Monitoring in Preventing Disease Progression in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients; A Retrospective Cohort Study.

: Favipiravir has complex pharmacokinetics, and varied efficacy has been reported in treating COVID-19. Telehealth and telemonitoring are disruptive challenges used for COVID-19 care during pandemics. : This study aimed to assess the outcome of favipiravir treatment to prevent clinical deterioration in mild to moderate COVID-19 cases with adjunctive telemonitoring during the COVID-19 surge.

The clinical outcomes of high neutralizing antibodies titer convalescent plasma therapy in early developed severe COVID-19 patients; a case-control study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes life-threatening pneumonia. Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) is expected to be the effective COVID-19 treatment for passive immunity. The high neutralizing antibodies titer of CPT is needed to prove the benefit in early developed severe COVID-19.

Comparison of performance between an -FDG PET normal brain template and a commercial template using the software.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to create and validate a normal brain template of -fluorodeoxyglucose ( ) uptake using the MIMneuro software to improve clinical practice.

Approach: One hundred and nine volunteers underwent an positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan. Sixty-three participants with normal Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers were used to create a template.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among cancer patients and household caregivers in a cancer hospital: Cross-sectional survey after the second COVID-19 wave in Thailand.

Objectives: Patients with cancer may be at an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and experience more severe outcomes. Low vaccine coverage in the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic meant that personal and social measures to reduce viral spread were the only methods of lowering the risk of infection among cancer patients. This study explored the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cancer patients and caregivers in a cancer hospital after the second COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand.

Basis to Aid Crisis: Favipiravir Oral Solution for Hospital Compounding During COVID-19 Drug Shortage.

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has been overwhelming the healthcare system worldwide. A rapidly growing number of younger pediatric patients in Thailand necessitated the formulation of favipiravir, the most locally accessible antiviral agent against COVID-19, into a child-friendly dosage form as a safer alternative to a dispersion of crushed tablets in simple syrup. While striving to quickly develop a liquid formulation that is feasible for any local hospital production units, an oral solution was chosen due to its simplicity.

Safety after BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) COVID-19 Vaccine in Adolescents Aged 10-17 Years in Thailand.

Coronavirus disease 2019 affected child health and impacted learning because of the resulting onsite school closures. This prospective cohort study included children aged 10-17 who received two 4 µg doses of BBIBP-CorV administered intramuscularly 21-28 days apart. To assess vaccine safety, 36,808 participants were then followed with paper- and web-based online questionnaire surveys that captured local and systemic reactogenicities following vaccine administration on days 1, 7, and 30.

Effect of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination to Prevent COVID-19 in Thai Households (VacPrevent trial).

Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted within households, with massive healthcare system burdens. The role of inactivated vaccines and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in the prevention of within-household transmission remains unknown.

Methods: This observational case-control study tracked 408 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction-confirmed index cases from April to September 2021.

Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Favipiravir Oral Solution and Tablet Formulations in Healthy Thai Volunteers.

This study compared the pharmacokinetics and safety of favipiravir oral solution with those of tablet formulations, which were agents repurposed to treat nonsevere coronavirus disease 2019 in Thailand. In an open-label, single-dose, randomized, crossover study, 24 healthy subjects under fasting conditions were randomly assigned to a single dose of 200 mg of favipiravir, either as an oral solution of 200 mg/15 mL (test product) or a tablet (reference product), separated by a 7-day washout period. Fifteen plasma samples were collected over 12 hours after drug administration.

Reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and humoral immune response dynamics after the third dose of heterologous COVID-19 vaccines in participants fully vaccinated with inactivated vaccine.

Introduction: Immunogenicity after the CoronaVac vaccine remains uncertain, especially regarding infections with the coronavirus variants of concern and waning immunity.

Methods: This was a single-center, open-label clinical trial designed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of BBIBP-CorV, AZD1222, or BNT162b2 as the third vaccination. The key eligible criteria were individuals at least 18 years old who were fully vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac vaccine for 2-4 months.

Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 Variants as a Secondary Attack in Thai Households: a Retrospective Study.

Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreads through person-to-person contact via small droplet particles, especially in poorly ventilated indoor settings such as households, estimating at 16.6% of secondary attack rate. This study aimed to explore the secondary attack rate in Thai households during the new SARS-CoV-2 variant outbreak.

Safety and Immunogenicity of the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine in Adolescents Aged 12 to 17 Years in the Thai Population: An Immunobridging Study.

Adolescents can develop a severe form of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially with underlying comorbidities. No study has examined the efficacy or effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in adolescents. This single-center, prospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents using the immunobridging approach at Chulabhorn Hospital.

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity after heterologous prime-boost vaccination with CoronaVac and ChAdox1 nCov-19 (AZD1222) vaccines.

Mass vaccination with a safe and effective vaccine may be the best way to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with the CoronaVac and AZD1222 vaccines may increase the immunogenicity elicited by either vaccine alone. This study sought to compare the immunogenicity of a heterologous CoronaVac and AZD1222 prime-boost with a homologous CoronaVac prime-boost.

Persistence of immunogenicity, contributing factors of an immune response, and reactogenicities after a single dose of the ChAdOx1 (AZD1222) COVID-19 vaccine in the Thai population.

Introduction: Due to the vaccine's short supply and the efficacy of a single dose of the ChAdOx1 (AZD1222) vaccine, many governments delayed the interval between prime and boost dose from 4 to 8-12 weeks. However, the waning of immune response in this period is a concern. This study evaluated the durability, contributing factors of anti-RBD antibody concentration, and reactogenicities after the single dose of AZD1222 vaccine in the Thai population.

Duration of Hepatitis B Vaccine-Induced Protection among Medical Students and Healthcare Workers following Primary Vaccination in Infancy and Rate of Immunity Decline.

Since the introduction of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines, the numbers of HBV infections and complications have significantly decreased. However, the evidence on whether primary vaccination of infants confers lifelong immunity varies. We aimed to assess long-term immunity among healthcare workers and medical students, and the rate of decline of HBV surface antigen antibodies (anti-HBs).

Immunogenicity and safety of an intradermal fractional third dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine compared with those of a standard intramuscular third dose in volunteers who previously received two doses of CoronaVac: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The CoronaVac vaccine is widely used in Thailand to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The limited immunogenicity of this vaccine is a concern, especially because of expanding delta variant outbreaks. A third boost may enhance antiviral immune responses.

The Evaluation of Tau Deposition with [F]PI-2620 by Using a Semiquantitative Method in Cognitively Normal Subjects and Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Some studies have reported the effectiveness of [F]PI-2620 as an effective tau-binding radiotracer; however, few reports have applied semiquantitative analysis to the tracer. Therefore, this study's aim was to perform a semiquantitative analysis of [F]PI-2620 in individuals with normal cognition and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Twenty-six cognitively normal (CN) subjects, 7 patients with AD, and 36 patients with MCI were enrolled.

Effect of enhanced external counterpulsation treatment on renal function in cardiac patients.

Background: Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) enhances coronary perfusion and reduces left ventricular afterload. However, the role of EECP on renal function in cardiac patients is unknown. Our aim was to assess renal function determined by serum cystatin C in cardiac patients before and after EECP treatment.