A critical review on the active anti-viral metabolites of bioprospecting traditionally used plant species from semi-arid regions of the subcontinent.

Plants are crucial medicinal resources, with 80 % of people relying on them for primary healthcare. The search for natural antiviral compounds is increasing, especially in semi-arid ecosystems where abiotic stress promotes the production of beneficial secondary metabolites. This review highlights semi-arid plants with the potential as functional foods to combat viral diseases and other illnesses.

Identification of potential pharmacological chaperones that selectively stabilize mutated Aspartoacylases in Canavan disease.

Canavan disease is caused by mutations in the ASPA gene, leading to diminished catalytic activity of aspartoacylase in the brain. Clinical missense mutations are found throughout the enzyme structure, with many of these mutated enzymes having not only decreased activity but also compromised stability. High-throughput screening of a small molecule library has identified several compounds that significantly increase the thermal stability of the E285A mutant enzyme, the most predominant clinical mutation in Canavan disease, while having a negligible effect on the native enzyme.

Revisiting the role of phospholipases in alzheimer's: crosstalk with processed food.

Phospholipases such as phospholipase-A, phospholipase-B, phospholipase-C and phospholipase-D are important functional enzymes of the cell membrane responsible for a variety of functions such as signal transduction, production of lipid mediators, metabolite digestion and playing a pathological role in central nervous system diseases. Phospholipases have shown an association with Alzheimer's disease and these enzymes have found a correlation with several metabolic pathways that can lead to the activation of inflammatory signals astrocytes and microglial cells. We also highlighted unhealthy practices like smoking and consuming processed foods, rich in nitroso compounds and phosphatidic acid, which contribute to neuronal damage in AD through phospholipases.

Delineation of the role of G6PD in Alzheimer's disease and potential enhancement through microfluidic and nanoparticle approaches.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathologic entity characterized by the abnormal presence of tau and macromolecular Aβ deposition that leads to the degeneration or death of neurons. In addition to that, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has a multifaceted role in the process of AD development, where it can be used as both a marker and a target. G6PD activity is dysregulated due to its contribution to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death.

Insights into the dynamic interactions of RNase a and osmolytes through computational approaches.

Osmolytes are small organic molecules that are known to stabilize proteins and other biological macromolecules under various stressful conditions. They belong to various categories such as amino acids, methylamines, and polyols. These substances are commonly known as 'compatible solutes' because they do not disrupt cellular processes and help regulate the osmotic balance within cells.

Implication of calcium supplementations in health and diseases with special focus on colorectal cancer.

Calcium is a fundamental and integrative element and helps to ensure optimal health by regulating various physiological and pathological processes. While there is substantiated evidence confirming the beneficial effects of calcium in the treatment, management, and prevention of various health conditions, including cancer, conflicting studies are imperative to acknowledge the potential negative role of calcium supplementation. The studies on calcium supplementation showed that a specific dose can help in the maintenance of good human health, and in the control of different types of diseases, including cancer.

Nano-Osmolyte Conjugation: Tailoring the Osmolyte-Protein Interactions at the Nanoscale.

Osmolytes are small organic compounds accumulated at higher concentrations in the cell under various stress conditions like high temperature, high salt, high pressure, etc. Osmolytes mainly include four major classes of compounds including sugars, polyols, methylamines, and amino acids and their derivatives. In addition to their ability to maintain protein stability and folding, these osmolytes, also termed as chemical chaperones, can prevent protein misfolding and aggregation.

Association of mTOR Pathway and Conformational Alterations in C-Reactive Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Infections.

Inflammatory biomarkers have been very useful in detecting and monitoring inflammatory processes along with providing helpful information to select appropriate therapeutic strategies. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonspecific, but quite useful medical acute inflammatory biomarker and is associated with persistent chronic inflammatory processes. Several studies suggest that different levels of CRP are correlated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Implications of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and Betaine in Human Health: Beyond Being Osmoprotective Compounds.

Osmolytes are naturally occurring small molecular weight organic molecules, which are accumulated in large amounts in all life forms to maintain the stability of cellular proteins and hence preserve their functions during adverse environmental conditions. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and N,N,N-trimethylglycine (betaine) are methylamine osmolytes that have been extensively studied for their diverse roles in humans and have demonstrated opposing relations with human health. These osmolytes are obtained from food and synthesized endogenously using dietary constituents like choline and carnitine.

Optical band gap enhancements of chemically synthesized α-Ni(OH) nanoparticles by a novel technique: Precipitator molarity variation.

Nickel hydroxide nanoparticles (NHNPs) are extremely important semiconducting materials for applications in energy storage and energy harvesting devices. This study uses a novel variation in molarity of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) precipitator solution to enhance the direct optical band gap in the NHNPs chemically synthesized by using nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO ) ·6H O) as the precursor. The simple, energy benign chemical precipitation route involved the usage of 1 M (Ni(NO ) ·6H O) solutions as the precursor and 0.

The interaction analysis between human serum albumin with chlorpyrifos and its derivatives through sub-atomic docking and molecular dynamics simulation techniques.

Unlabelled: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an extensively used organophosphate pesticide for crop protection. However, there are concerns about it contaminating the environment and human health, with estimated three lakh deaths annually. The molecular modeling protocol was assisted in redesigning thirteen well-known CPF linkers and inserting them at five selectable CPF (R1-R5) positions of CPF to get 258 CPF derivatives.

(L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) for the possible therapeutics and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Plant-based drug discovery and targeted therapy.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has killed huge populations throughout the world and acts as a high-risk factor for elderly and young immune-suppressed patients. There is a critical need to build up secure, reliable, and efficient drugs against to the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Bioactive compounds of Ashwagandha [ Dunal] may implicate as herbal medicine for the management and treatment of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Deciphering the enigmatic crosstalk between prostate cancer and Alzheimer's disease: A current update on molecular mechanisms and combination therapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prostate cancer (PCa) are considered the leading causes of death in elderly people worldwide. Although both these diseases have striking differences in their pathologies, a few underlying mechanisms are similar when cell survival is considered. In the current study, we employed an in-silico approach to decipher the possible role of bacterial proteins in the initiation and progression of AD and PCa.

Does COVID-19 lockdowns have impacted on global dengue burden? A special focus to India.

Background: The world has been battling several vector-borne diseases since time immemorial. Socio-economic marginality, precipitation variations and human behavioral attributes play a major role in the proliferation of these diseases. Lockdown and social distancing have affected social behavioral aspects of human life and somehow impact on the spread of vector borne diseases.

Effective salt removal from domestic reverse osmosis reject water in a microbial desalination cell.

Microbial desalination cells (MDC) are evaluated as an environmentally friendly approach for purifying saline water by using power generated by the decomposition of organic materials in the wastewater. The present study is to evaluate the ferrocyanide-redox and biocathode approach in treating simulated saline water and subsequently recovering bio-electricity using actual domestic reverse osmosis reject water. For the desalination of simulated saline water and domestic reverse osmosis reject water, a three-chamber microbial desalination cell with graphite electrodes and anion and cation exchange membranes was constructed.

A comparative in silico study to detect the effect of food-additives on metabolic protein and its perturbations compensated by osmolytes.

Since its inception, food additive has been an integral part of the food processing industry with various commercial roles. Besides its advantages, various studies have already highlighted its long-term adverse effects on human health. However, in terms of protein structures and functions, the innate mechanism that triggers these effects has not been elucidated in previously reported studies.

Ultrasonic pre-treatment of for improved electrogenic response in a single chambered microbial fuel cell.

Various microbial strains and techniques are being used to improve power production in microbial fuel cells. Cow dung is a peculiar source of anaerobic and micro-aerophilic organisms that were employed in this study to isolate exo-electrogenic microorganisms. To validate their exo-electrogenic nature, all eight visually distinct bacterial single-cell colonies were tested using the ferrocyanide reduction assay, which resulted in the selection of one bacterial strain AD1-ELB with the ability to reduce ferrocyanide for further biochemical, physiological and electrochemical characterization.

Crosstalk between epigenetics and mTOR as a gateway to new insights in pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Epigenetics in the current times has become a gateway to acquire answers to questions that were left unanswered by classical and modern genetics, be it resolving the complex mystery behind neurodegenerative disorders or understanding the complexity behind life-threatening cancers. It has presented to the world an entirely new dimension and has added a dynamic angle to an otherwise static field of genetics. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders is largely found to be a result of alterations in epigenetic pathways.

Current Overviews on COVID-19 Management Strategies.

The coronavirus pandemic hit the world lately and caused acute respiratory syndrome in humans. The causative agent of the disease was soon identified by scientists as SARS-CoV-2 and later called a novel coronavirus by the general public. Due to the severity and rapid spread of the disease, WHO classifies the COVID-19 pandemic as the 6th public health emergency even after taking efforts like worldwide quarantine and restrictions.

Recent Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Detection of Gastrointestinal, Hepatic and Pancreatic Diseases.

There has been substantial progress in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and their medical sciences applications in the last two decades. AI-assisted programs have already been established for remote health monitoring using sensors and smartphones. A variety of AI-based prediction models are available for gastrointestinal, inflammatory, non-malignant diseases, and bowel bleeding using wireless capsule endoscopy, hepatitis-associated fibrosis using electronic medical records, and pancreatic carcinoma utilizing endoscopic ultrasounds.

Saponins: Extraction, bio-medicinal properties and way forward to anti-viral representatives.

Medicinal or herbal plants are widely used for their many favourable properties and are generally safe without any side effects. Saponins are sugar conjugated natural compounds which possess a multitude of biological activities such as medicinal properties, antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, etc. Saponin production is a part of the normal growth and development process in a lot of plants and plant extracts such as liquorice and ginseng which are exploited as potential drug sources.

Natural Products: A Rich Source of Antiviral Drug Lead Candidates for the Management of COVID-19.

Today, the world is suffering from the pandemic of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic is the third fatal coronavirus outbreak that has already occurred in the 21st century. Even six months after its emergence, hundreds of thousands of people are still being infected with SARS-CoV-2, and thousands of lives are lost every day across the world.

Decoding the Inter-Relationship between Sleep Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), characterized by abnormally phosphorylated tau, Paired Helical Filaments (PHFs), Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs), deregulated mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR), and Aβ deposits, is a multifactorial disease with sleep disorders being one of the causative agents. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature and have tried to decode the existence of positive feedback, reciprocal and a bidirectional relationship allying between sleep disturbances and AD. Much light has been thrown on the role of tau pathology and amyloid pathology in sleep pathology and its association with AD pathology.

Integrated Pathways of COX-2 and mTOR: Roles in Cell Sensing and Alzheimer's Disease.

Cyclooxygenases (COX) are enzymes catalyzing arachidonic acid into prostanoids. COX exists in three isoforms: COX-1, 2, and 3. COX-1 and COX-2 have been widely studied in order to explore and understand their involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neuroinflammatory dementia.