Efficacy and safety of resmetirom in MASLD and MASH: network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Introduction: Metabolic-Associated Steatohepatitis-Related Liver Disease (MASLD) and, its progressive form, Metabolic-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) pose significant global health challenges. Current therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic abnormalities have shown promise but lack specificity for the liver. Thyroid hormones, particularly thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-β) agonists like resmetirom, offer a targeted approach to liver-related pathways.

Endogenous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Signaling Inhibits Aeroallergen-Induced Innate Airway Inflammation.

Background: Anti-inflammatory effects of incretin signaling through the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) in mice have been reported. Therefore, we hypothesized that signaling through the endogenous GLP-1R and the GIPR individually decreases allergic airway inflammation and that the combination of GLP-1R and GIPR signaling together additively inhibits allergen-induced lung and airway inflammation.

Methods: WT (C57BL/6J), GLP-1R knockout (KO), GIPR KO, and GLP-1R/GIPR double KO (DKO) mice were challenged intranasally with Alternaria alternata extract (Alt-Ext) or vehicle to evaluate the impact of signaling through these receptors on the innate allergen-induced inflammatory response that is primarily driven by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2).

Comparative Analysis of Resmetirom vs. FGF21 Analogs vs. GLP-1 Agonists in MASLD and MASH: Network Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.

Introduction: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Metabolic-Dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) are linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, increasing liver-related morbidity and cardiovascular risk. Recent therapies, including Resmetirom, FGF21 analogs, and GLP-1 agonists, have shown promise. This network meta-analysis evaluates their comparative efficacy and safety.

Patients experience with preoperative use of anti-obesity medications and associations with bariatric surgery expectations.

Background: Few studies have investigated the use of anti-obesity medications (AOMs) before bariatric surgery and how prior use impacts patients' goals and expectations for surgery.

Objectives: This study investigated associations between patients' experiences with AOMs and weight loss expectations before bariatric surgery.

Settings: Single tertiary university hospital.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Weekly GLP-1/GIP Agonists vs. Weekly Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impacts global health due to its complications and the economic burden it places on healthcare systems. The rise of novel once-weekly diabetes medications with different mechanisms of action necessitates an evaluation of their relative efficacy and safety.

Objectives: This study compares the efficacy and tolerability of once-weekly insulin analogs (icodec and BIF) with once-weekly GLP-1/GIP agonists (semaglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide) in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Impact of metabolic and weight components on incident asthma using a real-world cohort.

Background: Obesity and metabolic dysregulation (MetD) have increasing prevalence and adversely affect asthma morbidity and therapeutic response.

Objective: To determine the role of weight and MetD on incident asthma in adulthood.

Methods: In a retrospective, longitudinal cohort of patients, we performed a time-to-asthma diagnosis analysis after a 3-year landmark period (t-t) during which weight and MetD components were evaluated.

The subcutaneous adipose transcriptome identifies a molecular signature of insulin resistance shared with visceral adipose.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the transcriptional landscape of insulin resistance (IR) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in humans across the spectrum of obesity.

Methods: We used SAT RNA sequencing in 220 individuals with metabolic phenotyping.

Results: We identified a 35-gene signature with high predictive accuracy for homeostatic model of IR that was expressed across a variety of non-immune cell populations.

Adverse event comparison between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and other antiobesity medications following bariatric surgery.

Aim: To compare the incidence of adverse events (AEs) related to antiobesity medications (AOMs; glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists [GLP-1RAs] vs. non-GLP-1RAs) after bariatric surgery.

Methods: This single-centre retrospective cohort included patients (aged 16-65 years) who had undergone laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy (cohort entry date) and initiated AOMs.

Comparative efficacy and safety of weekly tirzepatide versus weekly insulin in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety profiles of recent innovations in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which include once-weekly formulations such as tirzepatide, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist, and once-weekly insulin options such as icodec and basal insulin Fc.

Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was conducted. The network meta-analysis protocol was registered at OSF registries (https://osf.

Comparative efficacy and safety of weekly dulaglutide versus weekly insulin in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Advancements in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapy, notably with weekly agents like glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-RAs) such as dulaglutide, offer promising outcomes in clinical practice. The emergence of once-weekly insulin adds to this therapeutic arsenal. This research aims to explore and compare the efficacy and safety profiles of these agents in diabetes management, facilitating informed decision-making for optimizing their utilization in clinical practice.

Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, compared to caloric restriction, on appetite, dietary intake, body fat distribution and cardiometabolic biomarkers: A randomized trial in adults with obesity and prediabetes.

Aims: To investigate the hypothesis that weight loss with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) liraglutide alone would lead to a greater reduction in the proportion of fat to lean tissue mass when compared to caloric restriction (CR) alone, as well as when compared to treatment with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, that also enhances GLP-1 activity - to determine the independent effects of each treatment.

Methods: A total of 88 adults with obesity and prediabetes were randomized to 14 weeks of intervention with CR (-390 kcal/d), liraglutide (1.8 mg/d), or the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin (100 mg/d) as a weight-neutral comparator.

Obesity and Overweight: Probing Causes, Consequences, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches Through the American Heart Association's Strategically Focused Research Network.

As the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise, so too does the urgency to fully understand mediating mechanisms, to discover new targets for safe and effective therapeutic intervention, and to identify biomarkers to track obesity and the success of weight loss interventions. In 2016, the American Heart Association sought applications for a Strategically Focused Research Network (SFRN) on Obesity. In 2017, 4 centers were named, including Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

Comparative effects of weight loss and incretin-based therapies on vascular endothelial function, fibrinolysis and inflammation in individuals with obesity and prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To test the hypothesis that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have beneficial effects on vascular endothelial function, fibrinolysis and inflammation through weight loss-independent mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: Individuals with obesity and prediabetes were randomized to 14 weeks of the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide, hypocaloric diet or the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in a 2:1:1 ratio. Treatment with drug was double blind and placebo-controlled.

A pragmatic low carbohydrate diet intervention changes neither carbohydrate consumption nor glycemia in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes in a randomized trial.

Objective: Despite enthusiasm for low carbohydrate diets (LCDs) among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), no prospective study has investigated outcomes in adolescent T1DM. We aimed to quantify a pragmatic LCD intervention's impact on glycemia, lipidemia, and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents with T1DM.

Research Design And Methods: At an academic center, we randomized 39 patients with T1DM aged 13-21 years to one of three 12-week interventions: an LCD, an isocaloric standard carbohydrate diet (SCD), or general diabetes education without a prescriptive diet.

The Effects of Modifying Amount and Type of Dietary Carbohydrate on Esophageal Acid Exposure Time and Esophageal Reflux Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: This is the first randomized controlled diet intervention trial to investigate both the amount and type of carbohydrate on symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Methods: Ninety-eight veterans with symptomatic GERD were randomly assigned to high total/high simple, high total/low simple, low total/high simple, or low total/low simple carbohydrate diet for 9 weeks. The primary outcomes were esophageal acid exposure time (AET) and total number of reflux episodes derived from 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring.

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus following heart transplantation.

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is common following heart transplant, impacting greater than 20% of patients with most cases occurring in the first year after transplant. PTDM is associated with multiple negative sequelae including increased post-operative infections, a higher rate of renal failure, and increased mortality. Compared with pre-transplant diabetes mellitus, PTDM has several unique risk factors and immunosuppressive medications play an important role in disease pathophysiology.

Objective ambulatory pH monitoring and subjective symptom assessment of gastroesophageal reflux disease show type of carbohydrate and type of fat matter.

Background: Rising prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in US Veterans is concurrent with increasing excess body weight.

Objective: The objective of this cross-sectional study is to examine relationships between dietary macronutrients, gastrointestinal hormones, and GERD status.

Methods: Ninety-eight veterans with overweight/obesity and empiric proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment were enrolled from the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System.