Optimisation of railway tamping scheduling.

This research was devoted to optimising opportunistic tamping scheduling to present a cost-effective approach that considers both preventive and corrective tamping activities. To achieve this, we formulated the track geometry tamping scheduling problem as a mixed integer linear programming model and employed a genetic algorithm for its resolution. Key track quality indicators, including the standard deviation of the longitudinal level and single defects, were considered.

Migrant students' self-reported executive function skills in relation to mental health, postmigration stress, and positive appraisals of self and the social context.

Refugee and non-refugee migrant youths may carry a double burden of past adversities and post-migration stress while trying to continue schooling and adapt to their new social and cultural environment. Executive functioning skills are central to learning and navigating in the new context. Knowledge of how young migrants' executive functioning is associated with stressful factors and positive or potentially protective factors, could contribute to understanding and possibly finding ways to support these young learners.

Transcatheter electrosurgical aortic septostomy optimizes distal landing zone in chronic dissection.

Objective: Efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for chronic type B aortic dissection (CTBAD) is dependent on eliminating retrograde false lumen perfusion and remodeling the aorta. We describe the efficacy of a novel transcatheter electrosurgical technique to fenestrate the dissection flap and create a distal seal zone for TEVAR in CTBAD.

Methods: A retrospective review of the Emory Aortic Database from 2016 to 2023 identified 33 patients who underwent TEVAR with intentional endovascular rupture of the dissection flap (Knickerbocker; KNICK) for CTBAD.

Bone remodeling in survivors of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Impact of heavy resistance training.

Background: Early-onset osteoporosis is a frequent late effect after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It remains unknown if physical training can improve bone formation in these patients, as the transplantation procedure may cause sustained dysregulation of the bone-forming osteoblast progenitor cells.

Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of resistance training on bone remodeling in long-term survivors of pediatric HSCT.

Paradoxical gender effects in meat consumption across cultures.

Men tend to eat more meat than women, but it is not clear why. We tested three hypotheses in a cross-cultural design (20,802 individuals in 23 countries across four continents): that gender differences are (a) universal, (b) related to gender roles and thus weaker in countries with higher gender equality and human development, or (c) related to opportunities to express gender roles and thus stronger in countries with higher gender equality and human development. Across all countries, men tended to consume more meat than women.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 increases heart rate by a direct action on the sinus node.

Aims: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. Albeit cardiovascular outcomes generally improve, treatment with GLP-1 RAs is associated with increased heart rate, the mechanism of which is unclear.

Methods And Results: We employed a large animal model, the female landrace pig, and used multiple in vivo and ex vivo approaches including pharmacological challenges, electrophysiology, and high-resolution mass spectrometry to explore how GLP-1 elicits an increase in heart rate.

Utility of cell-based vaccines as cancer therapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cell-based therapeutic cancer vaccines use autologous patient-derived tumor cells, allogeneic cancer cell lines or autologous antigen presenting cells to mimic the natural immune process and stimulate an adaptive immune response against tumor antigens. The primary objective of this study is to perform a systematic literature review with an embedded meta-analysis of all published Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of cell-based cancer vaccines in human subjects. The secondary objective of this study is to review trials demonstrating biological activity of cell-based cancer vaccines that could uncover additional hypotheses, which could be used in the design of future studies.

Continuity of care for children with anorexia nervosa in the Netherlands: a modular perspective.

Care provision for children with anorexia nervosa is provided by outpatient care teams in hospitals, but the way these teams are organized differs per hospital and hampers the continuity of care. The aim of this study is to explore the organization and continuity of care for children with anorexia nervosa in the Netherlands by using a modular perspective.We conducted a qualitative, exploratory case study and took the healthcare provision for children with anorexia nervosa, provided by outpatient care teams, as our case.

Adapting to home care in Norway: A longitudinal case study of older Adults' experiences.

This study aimed to describe how older adults with complex health problems manage their everyday lives in their own homes and how they interact with given home care. In this multiple-case study, a total of 14 individual interviews were conducted with five older adults over the course of one year. Deductive and inductive content analyses were performed.

Keep it simple: a crosshair on the screen during proctored laparoscopic surgeries.

Introduction: Inside the operating room, experts use verbal instructions to guide surgical novices through laparoscopic procedures. In this study, we evaluated the use of a crosshair attached to the video monitor, as a hands-free pointing tool to simplify instructions during operation.

Methods: Ten surgical novices performed two elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies within a week of each other, randomized such that one was performed with and the other without using the crosshair.

Clinical Utilisation of Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography: A Narrative Review.

Many important abnormalities of the vitreous, retina and choroid are predominantly located in the peripheral retina. In some retinal diseases with both central and peripheral manifestations, pathological structural or vascular changes can be apparent in the periphery before they are detectable in the central retina. Conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) imaging only cover the most posterior 30° of the retina.

Risk, Trust, and Emotion in Online Pharmacy Medication Purchases: Multimethod Approach Incorporating Customer Self-Reports, Facial Expressions, and Neural Activation.

Background: Online pharmacies are used less than other e-commerce sites in Germany. Shopping behavior does not correspond to consumption behavior, as online purchases are predominantly made for over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the purchasing experiences of online pharmacy customers in terms of critical factors for online pharmacy adoption.

Orthogonal assay and QSAR modelling of Tox21 PPARγ antagonist in vitro high-throughput screening assay.

Disruption of signalling mediated by the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is associated with risk of cancer, metabolic diseases, and endocrine disruption. The purpose of this study was to identify environmental chemicals acting as PPARγ antagonists. Data from the Tox21 PPARγ antagonism assay were replicated using a reporter system in HEK293 cells.

Sound frequencies detectable by grass (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and black (Mylopharyngodon pisceus) carp determined with auditory evoked potentialsa).

Grass (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and black (Mylopharyngodon piceus) carp were imported to the United States as biocontrol agents in aquaculture facilities; however, due to intentional stocking or accidental release, invasive populations have become established. Invasive bigheaded carps display negative phonotaxis to sound, suggesting acoustic deterrents as a potential management tool. Grass and black carp frequency detection in response to 0.

Comprehensive Health Assessment for Children in Out-of-Home Care: An Exploratory Study of Service Needs and Mental Health in a Norwegian Population.

A comprehensive model for routine multi-disciplinary health assessment for children in out-of-home care was piloted in a Norwegian region. This paper reports on identified service needs and mental disorders among 196 children (0-17 years) receiving the assessment. Cross-sectional data was extracted from assessment reports.

Prevalence of geographic atrophy in Nordic countries and number of patients potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment: A systematic review with meta-analyses and forecasting study.

We systematically reviewed the literature on the prevalence of geographic atrophy (GA) in Nordic populations, conducted meta-analyses on age-stratified estimates, and calculated current and future number of patients and those potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment. We followed the PRISMA guidelines, and our protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Ten databases were searched on 22 April 2023 for population-based studies of GA prevalence.

Exudative Progression of Treatment-Naïve Nonexudative Macular Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses.

Purpose: To systematically review and report the rate of exudative progression over time in patients with nonexudative macular neovascularization (MNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Systematic review with prevalence meta-analyses and individual participant meta-analysis.

Methods: We searched 10 literature databases on March 26, 2023, for studies of consecutive patients with treatment-naïve nonexudative MNV in AMD.