A comprehensive review of lignin-reinforced lignocellulosic composites: Enhancing fire resistance and reducing formaldehyde emission.

The rising environmental concerns and the growing demand for renewable materials have surged across various industries. In this context, lignin, being a plentiful natural aromatic compound that possesses advantageous functional groups suitable for utilization in biocomposite systems, has gained notable attention as a promising and sustainable alternative to fossil-derived materials. It can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass through extraction via various techniques, which may cause variability in its thermal, mechanical, and physical properties.

Targeted and non-targeted identification of dye and chemical contaminants in Loji River, Indonesia using FT-ICR-MS.

This study utilized liquid chromatography (LC) alongside Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to explore the dyes and chemical contaminants in Loji River, Indonesia. We tentatively identified a total of 655 contaminants at various confidence level, subsequently classifying them into 22 distinct categories. Of the 54 dyes we detected, 12 corresponded with entries in our specialized in-house database.

Capability lignin from Acacia crassicarpa black liquor as an environmentally benign antibacterial agent to produce antibacterial and hydrophobic textiles.

Recently, the growing health awareness of society on the utilization of fabrics has led to an increasing demand for natural-based antibacterial textiles. Lignin, a generous polyphenol compound in nature, is capable of preventing bacterial growth; in particular, it dwells bacteria closely together on human skin, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the antibacterial properties of lignin are limited by factors such as the lignin concentration, source, and type of bacteria.

Antioxidant and UV-blocking activity of PVA/tannin-based bioplastics in food packaging application.

In this study, bioplastics with antioxidant and UV protection properties based on tannin and PVA were created for packaging uses. Using a hot water extraction method at various extraction temperatures (60-100 °C), tannins were removed from the bark of Acacia mangium. Tannins with the best antioxidant activity were extracted at 80 °C.

Understanding the biodegradation pathways of azo dyes by immobilized white-rot fungus, Trametes hirsuta D7, using UPLC-PDA-FTICR MS supported by in silico simulations and toxicity assessment.

No biodegradation methods are absolute in the treatment of all textile dyes, which leads to structure-dependent degradation. In this study, biodegradation of three azo dyes, reactive black 5 (RB5), acid blue 113 (AB113), and acid orange 7 (AO7), was investigated using an immobilized fungus, Trametes hirsuta D7. The degraded metabolites were identified using UPLC-PDA-FTICR MS and the biodegradation pathway followed was proposed.

Assessment of artificial neural network to identify compositional differences in ultrahigh-resolution mass spectra acquired from coal mine affected soils.

This study assessed the applicability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a tool to identify compounds contributing to compositional differences in coal-contaminated soils. An artificial neural network model was constructed from laser desorption ionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectra obtained from coal contaminated soils. A good correlation (R = 1.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Lignin Isolated from Pulp Mill Byproduct for Potential Application in Wood Composites.

The efficient isolation process and understanding of lignin properties are essential to determine key features and insights for more effective lignin valorization as a renewable feedstock for the production of bio-based chemicals including wood adhesives. This study successfully used dilute acid precipitation to recover lignin from black liquor (BL) through a single-step and ethanol-fractionated-step, with a lignin recovery of ~35% and ~16%, respectively. The physical characteristics of lignin, i.

A recent advancement on preparation, characterization and application of nanolignin.

Each year, 50 to 70 million tonnes of lignin are produced worldwide as by-products from pulp industries and biorefineries through numerous processes. Nevertheless, about 98% of lignin is directly burnt to produce steam to generate energy for the pulp mills and only a handful of isolated lignin is used as a raw material for the chemical conversion and for the preparation of various substances as well as modification of lignin into nanomaterials. Thus, thanks to its complex structure, the conversion of lignin to nanolignin, attracting growing attention and generating considerable interest in the scientific community.

Comprehensive Lists of Internal Calibrants for Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Crude Oil and Natural Organic Matter and Their Preparation Recipes.

In this work, comprehensive lists of internal calibrants for accurate mass determination of molecules in crude oils, natural organic matter, and soil as well as their preparation recipes are presented. The lists include various sets of chemicals for positive- and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, atmospheric pressure photoionization, and laser desorption ionization. The chemicals were chosen based on their solvent compatibility, ionization efficiency, and accessibility.

Biodegradation and metabolic pathway of anthraquinone dyes by Trametes hirsuta D7 immobilized in light expanded clay aggregate and cytotoxicity assessment.

Biodegradation and metabolic pathways of three anthraquinone dyes, Reactive Blue 4 (RB4), Remazol Brilliant Blue - R (RBBR), and Acid Blue 129 (AB129) by Trametes hirsuta D7 fungus immobilized in light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) were investigated. Morphological characteristics observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed successful immobilization of the fungus in LECA. Based on UV absorbance measurement, immobilized T.

Application of silver-assisted laser desorption ionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry for the speciation of sulfur compounds.

We herein report the optimization and application of silver cationization (Ag) in combination with laser desorption ionization (LDI) ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (UHR-MS) to determine the structures of the sulfur-containing compounds present in heavy crude oil. A number of sulfur-containing model compounds were used to optimize the positive-ion mode LDI-MS conditions in the presence of a silver-complexing agent. Under the optimized LDI conditions, sulfur-rich heavy oil fractions were treated with the silver salt, where Ag coordinated with the sulfur atoms to speciate the sulfur species.

Elucidating molecular level impact of peat fire on soil organic matter by laser desorption ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

In this work, laser desorption ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LDI-FTICRMS) was used to investigate the molecular composition of a peat fire and laboratory heated soil organic matter (SOM). SOM isolated from soils obtained from unburned and burned sites at Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, were analyzed with LDI-FTICRMS. About 7500 peaks were found and assigned with molecular formulas for each mass spectrum.

Analyzing Solid-Phase Natural Organic Matter Using Laser Desorption Ionization Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Extensive sample preparation procedures are required to analyze natural organic matter (NOM) in soil and sediment samples due to the mineral matrix. The preparation procedure not only requires a large amount of sample (typically more than 50 mg), but NOM extraction is frequently incomplete. In this study, 2-5 μg of solid NOM or 500 μg of unprocessed soil samples were fixed on a metal plate using double-sided adhesive tape and analyzed directly using laser desorption ionization (LDI) and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHR-MS).