Advances in Diagnostic Modalities for Infection.

() infection is a widespread global health issue with a varying prevalence influenced by geography, socioeconomic status, and demographics. In the U.S.

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Endoscopic Intervention: A Clinical Review.

Gastrointestinal diseases are increasing in global prevalence. As a result, the contribution to both mortality and healthcare costs is increasing. While interventions utilizing scoping techniques or ultrasound are crucial to both the timely diagnosis and management of illness, a few limitations are associated with these techniques.

The Unusual Suspect: Infection as a Rare Cause of Renal Abscess.

infections have emerged as now a common nosocomial pathogen. Most of the infections manifest in patients with underlying medical conditions. The features of infection can range from infections in the lower urinary tract, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal disease, or bacteremia, however renal abscesses remain uncommon.

Associations of Atrioventricular Blocks and Other Arrhythmias in Patients with Lyme Carditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lyme disease often leads to cardiac injury and electrophysiological abnormalities. This study aimed to explore links between atrioventricular blocks and additional arrhythmias in Lyme carditis patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature was performed from 1990 to 2023, and aimed to identify cases of Lyme carditis through serology or clinical diagnosis with concomitant arrhythmias.

Clinical markers in heart failure: a narrative review.

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that is one of the causes of high mortality worldwide. Additionally, healthcare systems around the world are also being burdened by the aging population and subsequently, increasing estimates of patients with heart failure. As a result, it is crucial to determine novel ways to reduce the healthcare costs, rate of hospitalizations and mortality.

Schwann Cell Hamartoma Presenting as a Colonic Polyp: A Rare Case Report With a Literature Review.

Mucosal Schwann cell hamartomas (MSCHs) are non-common noncancerous growths derived from Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, often found unexpectedly during routine colonoscopy examinations. These growths primarily occur in the colon, although they can also appear in the esophagus and are not linked to familial cancer syndromes. Diagnosis relies on specific histological characteristics and staining patterns.

Associations of Patients with Pericardial Effusion Secondary to Light-Chain or Transthyretin Amyloidosis- A Systematic Review.

Background: Pericardial effusion is associated with amyloidosis, specifically amyloid light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) subtypes. However, the patients might present with different clinical symptoms.

Objective: To determine the characteristics and associations of patients with pericardial effusion owing to either AL or ATTR amyloidosis.

Cement-Induced Chemical Burn in a Middle-Aged Male: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

This case study reviews a 48-year-old Hispanic male working in construction who presented with left upper medial thigh pain, redness, and swelling after exposure to hazardous chemicals during cement processing. Initially diagnosed with cellulitis and adjacent myositis, the patient met sepsis criteria and received empiric antibiotics. However, negative cultures and an evolving wound appearance shifted the diagnosis towards bullous diseases and chemical injury.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Literature Review.

Stroke is an infarction of the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, or retina) that results from a disruption in cerebral blood flow either due to ischemia or hemorrhage. Complications of acute stroke are common and include pneumonia, urinary tract infection, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism, among several others, all of which increase the risk of poor clinical outcomes. Gastrointestinal bleeding is a well-known complication that can occur during the acute phase of stroke.

Clozapine-Induced Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis: A Case Report.

Granulomatous interstitial nephritis is a rare form of tubulointerstitial nephritis and has been uncommonly observed with clozapine usage. Additionally, the progression of the disease to manifest as renal failure requiring dialysis is also uncommon. We describe a case of a 56-year-old female who presented with syncope and was diagnosed with granulomatous interstitial nephritis on biopsy.

The Role of Global Longitudinal Strain in Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients With Heart Failure.

Introduction There is considerable evidence to suggest the role of thyroid hormone in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but less is known about its prognostic role in heart failure (HF). We aimed to assess the role of global longitudinal strain (GLS) in patients hospitalized with HF and underlying subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHS). Methods A retrospective analysis of 161 subjects was conducted by dichotomizing them into HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subgroups.

The Role of Timely Angiography in Elderly Patients Presenting With Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. Timely diagnosis and establishing the etiology of the LGIB can guide appropriate treatment and management. Our patient is a 91-year-old female who presented to the ER with the complaint of several episodes of hematochezia that started four hours before her presentation.

Uremic Pericarditis with Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient on Hemodialysis.

Uremic pericardial effusion and pericarditis in end-stage kidney disease patients remain one of the causes responsible for high rates of morbidity and occasional mortality. While clinical presentation could be variable, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for uremic pericarditis especially in patients who miss their dialysis sessions. We present a 77-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on dialysis diagnosed with pericarditis and large pericardial effusion complicated by cardiac tamponade and shock.

Associations of Real-Time Ultrasound and Strain and Shear Wave Elastography with Gastrointestinal Organs: A Systematic Review.

Ultrasound elastography is gaining attention for its diagnostic potential across various medical fields, and its physical properties make it valuable in modern clinical medicine. However, its specific attributes, especially in the context of recent medical advancements, remain relatively unexplored. This study aimed to identify instrument-specific characteristics and applications of real-time ultrasound elastography, shear wave elastography, and strain elastography, particularly within gastroenterology.

Metastatic Prostate Cancer With Reticular Micronodular Opacities of Lung: A Case Report.

Prostate cancer, a common malignancy in males, can metastasize to various sites such as the bone, brain, liver, and less commonly, the lung. Detecting pulmonary metastases presents both diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Identifying patients with this condition is crucial for gaining a deeper comprehension of the disease's pathogenesis.

Amlodipine Overdose in a Transgender Woman: A Case Study.

Calcium channel blockers are a major cause of cardiovascular toxicity. The clinical spectrum of these patients is very variable and there is no consensus on the dose required for toxicity. We present a case of a 43-year-old transgender woman who presented with hypotension and tachycardia owing to drug overdose that was later confirmed to be amlodipine.

Rare Cause of Acute Loss of Vision in a Patient With Sickle Cell Trait.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent inherited blood disorder with various ocular manifestations, including sickle cell retinopathy (SCR), characterized by retinal microcirculation impairment and ischemic complications. We present the case of a 21-year-old male with sickle cell trait who experienced a sudden, painless loss of vision in his left eye. Ophthalmologic examination revealed vitreous hemorrhage and neovascularization, indicating SCR.