Cancer incidence and survival among Métis adults in Canada: results from the Canadian census follow-up cohort (1992-2009).

Background: Métis people are 1 of 3 Aboriginal groups recognized by the Canadian constitution. We estimated site-specific incidence rates and survival for the most common cancers among Métis adults in Canada and compared these with rates among non-Aboriginal adults in Canada.

Methods: We examined responses to the 1991 long-form census, including self-reported Métis ancestry linked to national mortality and cancer databases for followup from 1992 to 2009.

Choice of relative or cause-specific approach to cancer survival analysis impacts estimates differentially by cancer type, population, and application: evidence from a Canadian population-based cohort study.

Background: Cause-specific (CS) and net survival in a relative survival framework (RS) are two of the most common methods for estimating cancer survival. In this paper, we assess the differences in results produced by two permutations of cause-specific and relative survival applied to estimating cancer survival and disparities in cancer survival, using data from First Nations and non-Aboriginal populations in Canada.

Methods: Subjects were members of the 1991 Canadian Census Mortality Cohort, a population-based cohort of adult respondents to the 1991 Long Form Census who have been followed up for incident cancers and death through linkage to administrative databases.

Cancer Survival Disparities Between First Nation and Non-Aboriginal Adults in Canada: Follow-up of the 1991 Census Mortality Cohort.

Background: The burden of cancer among indigenous people in Canada has been understudied due to a lack of ethnic identifiers in cancer registries. We compared cancer survival among First Nations to that among non-Aboriginal adults in Canada in the first national study of its kind to date.

Methods: A population-based cohort of approximately 2 million respondents to the 1991 Canadian Long Form Census was followed for cancer diagnoses and deaths using probabilistic linkage to cancer and death registries until 2009.

Colorectal cancer incidence in the Aboriginal population of Ontario, 1998 to 2009.

Background: Studies suggest that colorectal cancer incidence increased disproportionately among the Aboriginal population of Ontario relative to the general population. Using an ecological approach, this study examined colorectal cancer incidence for the 1998-to-2009 period among Aboriginal people living in Ontario.

Data And Methods: Based on their postal code when they were diagnosed, cases of colorectal cancer identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry were assigned to census geographic areas with high (33% or more) or low percentages of Aboriginal identity residents, using the Postal Code Conversion File Plus (PCCF+).

Cancer survival among First Nations people of Ontario, Canada (1968-2007).

We aimed to compare cancer survival in Ontario First Nations people to that in other Ontarians for five major cancer types: colorectal, lung, cervix, breast and prostate. A list of registered or "Status" Indians in Ontario was used to create a cohort of over 140,000 Ontario First Nations people. Cancers diagnosed in cohort members between 1968 and 2001 were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry, with follow-up for death until December 31st, 2007.

Stage at diagnosis and comorbidity influence breast cancer survival in First Nations women in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Indigenous populations in Canada and abroad have poorer survival after a breast cancer diagnosis compared with their geographic counterparts; however, the influence of many demographic, personal, tumor, and treatment factors has not been examined to describe this disparity according to stage at diagnosis.

Methods: A case-case design was employed to compare First Nations (FN) women (n = 287) to a frequency-matched random sample of non-FN women (n = 671) diagnosed with breast cancer within the Ontario Cancer Registry. Women were matched on period of diagnosis (1995-1999 and 2000-2004), age at diagnosis (<50 vs.

Detection of later stage breast cancer in First Nations women in Ontario, Canada.

Objective: To compare the distribution of stage at breast cancer diagnosis between First Nations (FN) and non-FN women, and to investigate factors associated with later diagnosis in FN women.

Methods: A case-case design was employed to compare FN women (N = 287) to a frequency-matched random sample of women (N = 671) from the general population diagnosed with breast cancer in the Ontario Cancer Registry. Women were matched (2:1) on period of diagnosis (1995-1999, 2000-2004), age at diagnosis (< 50 vs.

The effect of nonresponse on estimation of relative risk in a case-control study.

Purpose: Although it is understood that low response rates can bias a study's results and that follow-up can increase response rates, the effect of follow-up on the odds ratio estimates in a case-control study is not obvious.

Methods: We used the data from a case-control study of renal cell carcinoma conducted in Ontario. Information on risk factors was collected with a mailed questionnaire; the number of telephone or mail follow-ups attempted was recorded.

Childhood leukemia in the vicinity of Canadian nuclear facilities.

An ecologic study was conducted to determine whether leukemia rates among children born to mothers residing in the vicinity of Ontario (Canada) nuclear facilities differed from the provincial average. Childhood leukemia mortality and incidence ratios for the period 1950 to 1987 were examined for five regions within 25 km of a nuclear facility. The nuclear facilities included a research development facility, a uranium refinery, a uranium mining and milling facility, and two nuclear-power generating stations.