Ovarian Carcinoma in a Young Pregnant Woman.

Ovarian cancer during pregnancy is a rare event. Little is known about the treatment of this condition due to the lack of randomized trials and cohort studies. A case of 28 years female, from Kathmandu, visited Out-Patients Department with complaint of amenorrhea for 8 weeks associated with nausea and occasional pain abdomen.

Comparison of Perinatal Outcomes between Borderline and Normal Amniotic Fluid Index in Term Singleton Pregnancies.

Background: Amniotic fluid provides necessary fluid and growth factors for normal development of fetal lungs, cushions the umbilical cord from compression and protects the fetus. This study aims to compare the perinatal outcome between pregnancy with borderline and normal Amniotic Fluid Index that provide greatest chance for appropriate safe delivery with least maternal fetal and neonatal risk.

Methods: A total of 94 singleton full term pregnant women were included in the study-at Kathmandu Model Hospital from February to August 2020.

Uterine Rupture During Medical Induction for Second Trimester Abortion.

Medical induction is an alternative to dilatation and evacuation (D and E) in second trimester abortion, though it has higher risk of minor complications compared to D and E. Combination of mifepristone and misoprostol is commonly used for the medical abortion. A 32 years G3P2L2 with previous two cesarean delivery was referred to our center at sixteen weeks of gestation for termination of her pregnancy.

Clinical Profile of Urogenital Fistula in Kathmandu Model Hospital.

Background: To determine the causes of fistula and to share our experience in treating urogenital fistula and its surgical outcome.

Methods: This was a retrospective study done at Kathmandu Model Hospital from January 2014 to June 2019 including 261 patients operated for fistula. The patients were analyzed for age, type of fistula, cause, treatment and surgical outcome.

Overview of Obstetric Fistula: From a Developing Country's Perspective.

Obstetric fistula is a hidden tragedy in the developing world, prevention is important and treatment is by surgical repair. However, failure, broken fistula, stress incontinence often demoralizes surgeons and patients. Keywords: Fistula repair; Obstetric fistula; Obstructed delivery.

Assessment of Caesarean Section Rates at Kathmandu Model Hospital Using the Robson's Ten Group Classification System.

Background: Aims of this study was to assess the caesarean section rate and identify the indications contributing to the same using the Robson's Ten Group Classification System at Kathmandu Model Hospital.

Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Kathmandu Model Hospital among women who underwent caesarean section from 1 January to 31 December, 2018 and were grouped according to Ten Group Classification System. The overall caesarean section rate and the contribution of each group was calculated.

Complete Labial Fusion in a Postmenopausal Woman Presenting with Retention of Urine.

Complete labial fusion with retention of urine is a rare clinical entity. It occurs when the labia are fused in midline, forming a raphe. It usually develops in postmenopausal women with hypoestrogenism.

Evaluation of Abnormal Cervix with Visual Inspection under Acetic Acid and Colposcopy.

Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem especially in developing countries. It can be prevented through implementation of routine screening program. There are different screening methods but their efficacy are still questionable.

Missing Intrauterine Device Copper-T: Case Series.

An intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is a long acting, highly effective, economic and reversible method of contraception used worldwide. The most used devices are copper IUD (Copper-T) or Progesterone IUD. Common complications include failed insertion, pain, vasovagal reactions, infection, menstrual abnormalities, expulsion and rarely uterine embedment and perforation.

Outcome of Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation of the Vault during Repair of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse includes descent of anterior/ posterior wall and apical (vault) prolapse with significant morbidity. In this study we evaluated the outcome of sacrospinous ligament fixation of vault through vaginal approach as part of the repair for massive uterovaginal (pelvic organ prolapse stage III and stage IV) and vault prolapse.

Methods: This study on sacrospinous ligament fixation along with repair for Pelvic organ prolapse at Kathmandu Model Hospital from November 2016 to April 2018 was done to assess the outcome in terms of early (during hospital stay) and delayed (six months) post-operative complications and need of removal of sacrospinous fixation suture and recurrence of vault prolapse.

Caesarean Scar Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a common benign gynecologic disorder defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside of the normal location. The overall prevalence is 8-15% in women of reproductive age group. Scar endometriosis is a rare disease, and is difficult to diagnose.