Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB): metabolic adaptation and transcriptional response to human urine (HU).

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a major human pathogen and a research priority for developing new antimicrobial agents. CRAB is a causative agent of a variety of infections in different body sites. One of the manifestations is catheter-associated urinary tract infection, which exposes the bacteria to the host's urine, creating a particular environment.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB): metabolic adaptation and transcriptional response to human urine (HU).

Carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) is a major human pathogen and a research priority for developing new antimicrobial agents. CRAB is a causative agent of a variety of infections in different body sites. One of the manifestations is catheter-associated urinary tract infection, which exposes the bacteria to the host's urine, creating a particular environment.

Fever-like temperature impacts on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa interaction, physiology, and virulence both in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) cause a wide variety of bacterial infections and coinfections, showing a complex interaction that involves the production of different metabolites and metabolic changes. Temperature is a key factor for bacterial survival and virulence and within the host, bacteria could be exposed to an increment in temperature during fever development. We analyzed the previously unexplored effect of fever-like temperatures (39 °C) on S.

Induced Heteroresistance in Carbapenem-Resistant (CRAB) via Exposure to Human Pleural Fluid (HPF) and Its Impact on Cefiderocol Susceptibility.

Infections caused by Carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) isolates, such as hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), bacteremia, and skin and soft tissue infections, among others, are particularly challenging to treat. Cefiderocol, a chlorocatechol-substituted siderophore antibiotic, was approved by the U.S.

Fever-like temperature impacts on and interaction, physiology, and virulence both and .

Background: and cause a wide variety of bacterial infections and coinfections, showing a complex interaction that involves the production of different metabolites and metabolic changes. Temperature is a key factor for bacterial survival and virulence and within the host, bacteria could be exposed to an increment in temperature during fever development. We analyzed the previously unexplored effect of fever-like temperatures (39°C) on USA300 and PAO1 microaerobic mono- and co-cultures compared with 37°C, by using RNAseq and physiological assays including experiments.

Genomic Comparative Analysis of Two Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) Clinical Strains Assigned to International Clonal Lineage II Recovered Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: After the emergence of COVID-19, numerous cases of /SARS-CoV-2 co-infection were reported. Whether the co-infecting strains have distinctive characteristics remains unknown.

Methods And Results: AMA_NO was isolated in 2021 from a patient with COVID-19.

The Iron Content of Human Serum Albumin Modulates the Susceptibility of to Cefiderocol.

The mortality rates of patients infected with who were treated with cefiderocol (CFDC) were not as favorable as those receiving the best available treatment for pulmonary and bloodstream infections. Previous studies showed that the presence of human serum albumin (HSA) or HSA-containing fluids, such as human serum (HS) or human pleural fluid (HPF), in the growth medium is correlated with a decrease in the expression of genes associated with high-affinity siderophore-mediated iron uptake systems. These observations may explain the complexities of the observed clinical performance of CFDC in pulmonary and bloodstream infections, because ferric siderophore transporters enhance the penetration of CFDC into the bacterial cell.

Imaging of diffuse fibroepithelial polyps on surgical free flap in oral cancer patients: two case reports.

Fibroepithelial polyp (FEP) is a common benign tumor occurring in the skin and genitourinary tract, and there are no reports of multiple FEPs occurring on the myocutaneous flap. We report two cases of FEPs occurring diffusely on the skin tissue of the free anterolateral thigh flap after surgical reconstruction for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clinically, multiple papillary nodules on the myocutaneous flap gradually increased.

Human serum albumin (HSA) regulates the expression of histone-like nucleoid structure protein (H-NS) in Acinetobacter baumannii.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Acinetobacter baumannii is listed among the most threatening pathogens. A. baumannii is mainly a nosocomial pathogen with a distinctive ability to survive in multiple environments.

Acinetobacter baumannii response to cefiderocol challenge in human urine.

Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a novel chlorocatechol-substituted siderophore antibiotic approved to treat complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) and hospital-acquired and ventilator-acquired pneumonia (HAP/VAP). Previous work determined that albumin-rich human fluids increase the minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of Acinetobacter baumannii against CFDC and reduce the expression of genes related to iron uptake systems. This latter effect may contribute to the need for higher concentrations of CFDC to inhibit growth.

Human Serum Proteins and Susceptibility of to Cefiderocol: Role of Iron Transport.

Cefiderocol, a recently introduced antibiotic, has a chemical structure that includes a cephalosporin that targets cell wall synthesis and a chlorocatechol siderophore moiety that facilitates cell penetration by active iron transporters. Analysis of the effect that human serum, human serum albumin, and human pleural fluid had on growing showed that genes related to iron uptake were down-regulated. At the same time, β-lactamase genes were expressed at higher levels.

Involvement of the Histone-Like Nucleoid Structuring Protein (H-NS) in Natural Transformation.

Most strains are naturally competent. Although some information is available about factors that enhance or reduce the frequency of the transformation of this bacterium, the regulatory elements and mechanisms are barely understood. In this article, we describe studies on the role of the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein, H-NS, in the regulation of the expression of genes related to natural competency and the ability to uptake foreign DNA.

Histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein (H-NS) regulatory role in antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

In the multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii the global repressor H-NS was shown to modulate the expression of genes involved in pathogenesis and stress response. In addition, H-NS inactivation results in an increased resistance to colistin, and in a hypermotile phenotype an altered stress response. To further contribute to the knowledge of this key transcriptional regulator in A.

Efficacy of the pretreatment geriatric nutritional risk index for predicting severe adverse events in patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy.

Objective: The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a simple and well-established nutritional assessment tool. Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), particularly cisplatin-based CCRT, is a standard treatment for locoregional advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the predictive factors of adverse events related to CCRT remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the association between GNRI and CCRT-related adverse events in patients of all ages with head and neck cancer (HNC) who underwent CCRT.

Interplay between Meropenem and Human Serum Albumin on Expression of Carbapenem Resistance Genes and Natural Competence in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii A118, a carbapenem-susceptible strain, and AB5075, carbapenem resistant, were cultured in lysogeny broth (LB) or LB with different supplements, such as 3.5% human serum albumin (HSA), human serum (HS), meropenem, or meropenem plus 3.5% HSA.

Case Report: Complete Response of Recurrent and Metastatic Cystadenocarcinoma of the Parotid Gland With a Single Course of Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Therapy.

Although cystadenocarcinoma is classified as a low-grade histological subtype of salivary gland carcinoma (SGC), recurrence and metastases sometimes develop. However, standard treatments for advanced cases have not yet been established. Here, we present a case of unresectable local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases of cystadenocarcinoma of the parotid gland with multiple lung nodules, all of which showed complete response with only a single course of combined nivolumab and ipilimumab therapy.

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.

Objective: The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a simple and well-established nutritional assessment tool and is a significant prognostic factor in various cancers. However, the role of the GNRI in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with advanced head and neck cancer (AHNC) has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the GNRI and prognosis in patients with AHNC.

Modified combination of platelet count and neutrophil "to" lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.

Background: We evaluated the prognostic potential of the combination of platelet count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (COP-NLR) in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.

Methods: We proposed a modified COP-NLR scoring system defined as follows: score 0 (platelet count level <300 × 10 /L and NLR <3); score 1 (platelet count level ≥300 × 10 /L and NLR <3); and score 2 (NLR ≥3). We assessed whether the modified scoring system had better performance as an indicator of prognosis than the existing COP-NLR scoring system (original and 4-group scores).

Treatment Considerations for a Full-Mouth Reconstruction of a Transgender Patient.

A transgender patient presenting as a female sought dental care with her primary concern being a desire to change the appearance of her teeth. Open initial communication regarding the patient's gender status helped enable the clinician to gain a more thorough understanding of how medications taken by the patient could affect dental treatment. In this case, estradiol taken in constant doses impeded necessary orthodontic movement of the teeth, and the dosing, therefore, was modified to enhance treatment.

Ceramide/sphingomyelin cycle involvement in gentamicin-induced cochlear hair cell death.

Ceramide, a sphingolipid metabolite, regulates diverse cellular processes including apoptosis, cell senescence, the cell cycle, and cellular differentiation. Exogenously administered ceramide reportedly increased cochlear hair cell death due to gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. Ceramide is mainly generated via a ceramide/sphingomyelin cycle by sphingomyelinase and sphingomyelin synthase or via de novo synthesis by serine palmitoyltransferase and ceramide synthase.

The influence of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonists on gentamicin-induced hair cell loss of the rat cochlea.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolite that regulates various critical biological processes, such as cell proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis. The action of S1P is exerted by its binding to 5 specific G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PR), S1PR1-S1PR5. Aminoglycoside antibiotics including gentamicin induce cochlear hair cell loss and sensorineural hearing loss.

The effects of A1 and A2A adenosine receptor agonists on kainic acid excitotoxicity in the guinea pig cochlea.

The present study aimed to clarify the protective effect of adenosine receptors against the excitotoxicity of cochlear afferent dendrites. The effects of 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), an A1 adenosine receptor agonist, and 5'-N-cyclopropyl-carboxamidoadenosine (CPCA), an A2A adenosine receptor agonist, on cochlear excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid (KA) were examined using guinea pigs. KA was applied to the round window membrane at a concentration of 10mM for 30 min.