S-phase fraction of human prostate adenocarcinoma studied with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling.

Forty-six patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were given an intravenous infusion of the thymidine analogue, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), 200 mg/m2, at the time of needle biopsy or transurethral resection to label tumor cells in the DNA synthesis phase. The tumor specimens were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method with anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. The BrdU labeling index, S-phase fraction, was determined by counting the number of BrdU-labeled cells in the tissue sections.

[Establishment of a model to evaluate inhibition of bone resorption induced by bladder tumor (MBT-2) in mice].

A new experimental method to test the effect of drugs on tumor induced osteolysis using a transplantable bladder tumor (MBT-2) in mice has been designed. The method consists of inoculating tumor cells sc over the calvaria in mice, causing in a local tumor with fragmentation of the bone. This was accompanied by adjacent osteoblastic changes, which were evaluated by X-ray and histological examination.

Type 2 proatlantal artery associated with a ruptured aneurysm--case report.

A rare case of a type 2 proatlantal artery discovered following the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm in a 74-year-old female is reported. The aneurysm was clipped and the hematoma removed, but she died of severe vasospasm 9 days after surgery. The anomalous artery was thought to have been unrelated to rupture of the aneurysm.

[Interferon alpha and gamma in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma].

We report 31 cases of renal cell carcinoma treated with interferon. Indicators defined as bidimensionally measurable mass were present in 20 cases, which included 19 cases with metastatic lesions and one case with primary site who did not receive nephrectomy. Treatment were performed with interferon-gamma in 9 cases, and with interferon-alpha in 14 cases.

A case of nonseminomatous testicular tumor with liver metastases, treated by intrahepatic arterial cisplatinum-diaminedichloride infusion.

We report a case of nonseminomatous testicular tumor with lymph node involvement and multiple lung and liver metastases. The patient was considered to have a poor prognosis. He received systemic chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery.

[A clinical study of 92 cases of renal cell carcinoma--statistical analysis of prognosis according to the new TNM classification].

A clinico-statistical study was made on 92 patients with renal cell carcinoma who visited us from January 1978 to November 1988. The results were as follows: 1. Seventy-eight patients were treated by radical nephrectomy, two patients by partial nephrectomy, and three patients were treated at other hospitals initially.

[Studies on motor action potentials following transcranial stimulation and somatosensory evoked potentials including absolute refractory time in experimental spinal cord injury].

The motor action potential (MAP) following transcranial stimulation and absolute refractory time (ART) in somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) were investigated after experimental spinal cord injuries in rabbits. The thoracic cords were injured at the level of the 11th vertebrae by Allen's method. The paralysis after the trauma was classified into 4 groups depend on its severity; severe, mild, transient and non palsy group.

[Muscle action potential following transcranial stimulation and absolute refractory time in somatosensory evoked potential in rabbits].

The purpose of this paper is to report the motor action potential (MAP) following transcranial stimulation and absolute refractory time (ART) in somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) in normal rabbits. Twenty rabbits were used for this study. The MAP was recorded from a needle electrode that was inserted to the thoracic erector spinae muscle, quadriceps muscle and crural triceps muscle.

Analysis of pigmentation in human skin: quantification of ultraviolet ray images by digital image processing.

Synopsis A new method for quantifying pigmentation with transformation of ultraviolet ray images into digital images has been developed. Utilizing this method, the distribution of pigments deposited in healthy Japanese subjects has been investigated. The following characteristics of pigmentations have now been obtained as follows: - the amount of total pigmentation areas and the frequency of appearance of large pigmented areas increase with ageing; - in young and middle age groups, women have more pigmentation than men, whereas in old age, this trend is reversed; - the amount of pigmentation is greatest on the front of the cheeks and the least on the forehead; - pigmentation areas darken in summer, and the amount of pigmentation and number of pigmented areas increase in summer.

Changes in surface configuration of the skin caused by ageing and application of cosmetics: three-dimensional analysis according to a new system based on image analysis and Fourier transformation.

Synopsis The surface configuration of the skin, as characterized by surface furrows and plateaux, is known to change with ageing and skin condition. There have been many attempts to analyse the surface configuration in order to evaluate the effect of skin care products. However, the systems proposed up to now are insufficient to obtain three-dimensional data.

A phosphorbisamidite approach to the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and their analogues.

Utilities of deoxyribonucleoside 3'-O-phosphorbisdiethylamidites in the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and their analogues are described.

Determination of FDP in human plasma by a novel latex immunoassay.

Distribution analyzing latex immunoassay (DALIA), a sensitive method based on the agglutination of latex particles coated with monoclonal antibody, was developed for determination of fibrin degradation products (FDP) in human plasma. The agglutination is measured by using an electric particle counter designed for medical research to determine the volume-ratio of agglutinated to non-agglutinated particles. Interference by serum constituents is avoided by coating the particles with the F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibody and by using suitable latex particles.

S phase fraction of human bladder tumor measured in situ with bromodeoxyuridine labeling.

A total of 18 patients with transitional cell bladder cancer was given a 0.5-hour intravenous infusion of bromodeoxyuridine at the time of endoscopic biopsy or transurethral resection to label tumor cells in the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis phase (S phase). The tumor specimens were fixed with 70 per cent ethanol, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method with anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody as the first antibody.

Fluorescence of the tryptophyl residues of the constant fragment of the immunoglobulin light chain.

The constant (CL) domain of the type-lambda immunoglobulin light chain contains two tryptophyl residues. The fluorescence lifetimes of the CL fragment and its two modified forms, the reduced CL, and reduced and alkylated CL fragments, were measured at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C.

[Variations in spinal cord blood flow in stepwise spinal cord impaction injury].

Referring to the experimental study on acute spinal cord injury, it is known that gray matter falls into an ischemia after injury, but opinions have not been unanimous whether or not the white matter falls into ischemia or hyperemia. The blood flow through the white matter varies according to the severity of the injury and degree of resultant paraplegia. Using rabbits, the authors carried out a series of experimental acute spinal cord impaction injury giving impactions at different strength stepwise, i.

[Studies of blood flow through the spinal cord of rabbit using the H2 clearance method ].

Using the H2 clearance method, spinal cord blood flow of the rabbit could be steadily measured. This allowed examination of blood flow problems using data analysis to provide informed decisions as to whether or not the blood flow through the gray and white matter was distinguishable. Spinal cord blood flow was also compared through the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar cord regions.

Inhibitory mechanisms of the hyper-irritability caused by picrotoxin in the rat.

Topically applied norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA and glycine, and systemically administered clonidine, L-DOPA (plus carbidopa) and 5-hydroxytryptophan completely suppressed the cutaneous hyper-irritability produced in the trigeminal sensory distribution by picrotoxin overlying the caudal medulla. Cholinergic agents and apomorphine were ineffective. Of the positive compounds, norepinephrine, serotonin and GABA showed the shortest latencies and norepinephrine and serotonin required the lowest concentrations in order to inhibit the hyper-irritability.

Convenient synthesis of alkyl esters of urocanic acid.

Ethyl, n-dodecyl, and n-hexadecyl esters of urocanic acid (4-imidazoleacrylic acid) were prepared from 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde in satisfactory yields via the Wittig reaction.

2'-Deoxy-2'-azidoadenosine triphosphate and 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine triphosphate as substrates and inhibitors for Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

The effects of 2'-substitutions of ATP on the substrate and inhibitor properties for RNA synthesis were studied in the poly(dAT)-dependent reaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. In the presence of UTP, 2'-deoxy-2'-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (AZTP) was incorporated into an acid-insoluble fraction at one-tenth of the rate of ATP incorporation; it thus acts as a competitive inhibitor for poly(AU) synthesis. On the other hand, another ATP analog, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine 5'-triphosphate (AfTP), was co-polymerized with UTP into acid-insoluble materials at a rate less than 1% of that of ATP incorporation; in addition, it exerted a strong but mixed-type inhibition on poly(AU) synthesis.

An experimental model of hyper-irritability in the trigeminal skin field of the rat.

Cutaneous hyper-irritability was produced in the trigeminal sensory distribution of chronically prepared rats by injecting various central stimulants into the dorsal subarachnoid space overlying caudal medulla. Effective substances were classified into three groups according to the behavioral patterns induced. These were (1) picrotoxin and penicillin G-K, (2) strychnine and brucine, and (3) D,L-homocysteic acid.

Determination of free glycerol on human skin surface.

In water soluble substances obtained by water extraction from human skin surface, free glycerol was detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A selected ion monitoring method was employed to measure low concentration of free glycerol and the mean amounts were found to be about 0.7 microgram cm-2 on the cheek and 0.