Lamin A and Emerin Protein Expression Remains Consistently Low and Nuclear Size is Unchanged in Normal Endometrium, Precancerous Lesions, and Endometrioid Carcinoma.

Nuclear laminar or inner nuclear membrane proteins, including lamin A, B1, and B2 and emerin, are involved in maintaining nuclear morphology. However, their expression patterns vary among tumors and remain incompletely understood. Endometrioid carcinoma (EC) exhibits mild nuclear atypia, although the underlying reasons have not been thoroughly explored.

Continuous specimen cooling during slicing and thickness measurement contributes to improved accuracy in image analysis of pathologic specimens.

Unlabelled: We measured section thickness (ST) after slicing using a film thickness meter and investigated the relationship between ST and the percent area of positive staining using computer-assisted image analysis.

Methods: Sections were prepared from a paraffin-only block and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks containing fish sausage and human liver specimens. The ST was compared between the sections prepared with cooling using an ice pack (IP) or a continuous cooling device (CCD) paired with a sliding microtome set at an ST of 4 µm.

An easy approach to ultrasonographic volumetry of the thyroid.

To establish an easy way to perform volumetry of the thyroid gland using ultrasonography, we evaluated the accuracy of the products of the depth and width of the right thyroid lobe as indices of thyroid volume. The depth and width of both thyroid lobes were measured using ultrasonography before surgery in 193 patients with Graves' disease. The products were compared with the weight of the thyroid obtained from operative records.

A case report of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma transformed from small papillary carcinoma successfully detected by ultrasonography in its early stage with review of literature.

An 82-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a suspicious thyroid nodule. She was diagnosed with papillary microcarcinoma with a maximum diameter of 9 mm based on ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. She preferred observation without surgery.

Polarisation Control in Arrays of Microlenses and Gratings: Performance in Visible-IR Spectral Ranges.

Microlens arrays (MLAs) which are increasingly popular micro-optical elements in compact integrated optical systems were fabricated using a femtosecond direct laser write (fs-DLW) technique in the low-shrinkage SZ2080 photoresist. High-fidelity definition of 3D surfaces on IR transparent CaF substrates allowed to achieve ∼50% transmittance in the chemical fingerprinting spectral region 2-5 μm wavelengths since MLAs were only ∼10 μm high corresponding to the numerical aperture of 0.3 (the lens height is comparable with the IR wavelength).

Structure and Optical Anisotropy of Spider Scales and Silk: The Use of Chromaticity and Azimuth Colors to Optically Characterize Complex Biological Structures.

Herein, we give an overview of several less explored structural and optical characterization techniques useful for biomaterials. New insights into the structure of natural fibers such as spider silk can be gained with minimal sample preparation. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) over a broad range of wavelengths (from X-ray to THz) provides information of the structure of the material at correspondingly different length scales (nm-to-mm).

Decreased lamin A and B1 expression results in nuclear enlargement in serous ovarian carcinoma, whereas lamin A-expressing tumor cells metastasize to lymph nodes.

Background: Lamins, located beneath the nuclear membrane, are involved in maintaining nuclear stiffness and morphology. The nuclei of tumor cells are enlarged in serous carcinoma, a histologic subtype of ovarian cancer that is notable for its poor prognosis. The present study investigated the association of lamin A, B1, and B2 expression with nuclear morphology and metastatic route in serous ovarian carcinoma.

α-ionone promotes keratinocyte functions and accelerates epidermal barrier recovery.

Background: As a common fragrance ingredient, α-ionone is widely used in cosmetics, perfume, and hygiene products. Nevertheless, little information is available for its biological activities on the skin. In this study, we investigated the effect of α-ionone on keratinocyte functions associated with skin barrier repair and further evaluated its skin barrier recovery capacity to explore its therapeutic potential for the treatment of skin barrier disruption.

Therapeutic Inhalation of Hydrogen Gas for Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Subsequent Long-Term Follow-Up as a Disease-Modifying Treatment: An Open Label Pilot Study.

(1) Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Hydrogen gas (H) is a therapeutic medical gas with multiple functions such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-cell death, and the stimulation of energy metabolism. To develop a disease-modifying treatment for AD through multifactorial mechanisms, an open label pilot study on H treatment was conducted.

Si-Cr Nano-Alloys Fabricated by Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing.

Ultra-short 230 fs laser pulses of 515 nm wavelength were tightly focused into 700 nm focal spots and utilised in opening ∼400 nm nano-holes in a Cr etch mask that was tens-of-nm thick. The ablation threshold was found to be 2.3 nJ/pulse, double that of plain silicon.

Phosphotungstic Acid-treated Picrosirius Red Staining Improves Whole-slide Quantitative Analysis of Collagen in Histological Specimens.

We tried to prevent nonspecific nuclear staining (NS-NS) of picrosirius red (PSR) staining by treating the specimens with one of the heteropoly acids phosphotungstic acid (PTA). We analyzed a total of 35 cases of non-cancerous liver tissue for fibrosis and NS-NS under PSR-alone, phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)-pretreated PSR (PMA + PSR), or PTA-pretreated PSR (PTA + PSR) condition. In addition, we analyzed the photosensitivity of PMA or PTA single stain specimens.

Metasurfaces as Energy Valves for Sustainable Energy Management.

Control of light absorption and transmission by metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metasurfaces are promising for applications in optical windows. This study shows the realization of photo-thermal energy conversion for radiative cooling by MIM metasurfaces with thin metal substrate and Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO). High transparency of ITO at visible wavelengths and high absorption at mid-infrared wavelengths were realized for future applications of efficient cooling or heating applicable for living and working spaces.

Dabrafenib plus trametinib treatment for a patient with BRAF V600E-mutated large-cell lung carcinoma and a poor performance status.

Dabrafenib plus trametinib is active against metastatic lung cancer with the BRAF V600E mutation. However, the feasibility of dabrafenib plus trametinib for patients with a poor performance status (PS) has not been reported. We report the case of an 80-year-old woman was diagnosed with metastatic large-cell lung carcinoma.

Polariscopy with optical near-fields.

Polarisation analysis of light-matter interactions established for propagating optical far-fields is now extended into an evanescent field as demonstrated in this study using an attenuated total reflection (ATR) setup and a synchrotron source at THz frequencies. Scalar intensity , rather than a vector -field, is used for absorbance analysis of the s- and p-components of the linearly polarised incident light. Absorption and phase changes induced by the sample and detected at the transmission port of the ATR accessory revealed previously non-accessible anisotropy in the absorption-dispersion properties of the sample probed by the evanescent optical near-field.

MicroRNA 182, 183, 200a, and 200b exhibit strong correlations but no involvement in PTEN protein regulation in uterine endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: In this study, we focused on five microRNAs (miRNAs) that have been reported to regulate phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene expression, namely miR-182, miR-183, miR-200a, miR-200b, and miR-205, and examined their relationships with PTEN protein expression in endometrial cancer tissues.

Methods: By utilizing paraffin-embedded blocks of normal endometrium (NE) and endometrial carcinoma (EC) tissue (40 cases each), we measured the expression of miRNAs by real-time PCR. Conversely, we examined PTEN protein expression by immunohistochemistry and computer-assisted image analysis.

NADPH oxidase 4 contributes to TRPV4-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in human arterioles by regulating protein phosphorylation of TRPV4 channels.

Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation has been suggested to be a key component of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). A better understanding of endothelial pathways involved in vasodilation in human arterioles may provide new insight into the mechanisms of CMD. The goal of this study is to investigate the role of TRPV4, NOX4, and their interaction in human arterioles and examine the underlying mechanisms.

Absorption and scattering in perfect thermal radiation absorber-emitter metasurfaces.

Detailed spectral analysis of radiation absorption and scattering behaviors of metasurfaces was carried out via finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) photonic simulations. It revealed that, for typical metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanodisc metasurfaces, absorbance and scattering cross-sections exhibit a ratio of σ/σ = 1 at the absorption peak spectral position. This relationship was likewise found to limit the attainable photo-thermal conversion efficiency in experimental and application contexts.

Bailout Technique for Coil Unraveling with a KUSABI Exchange Catheter: A Case Report.

Objective: Coil unraveling is a rare, yet dangerous complication of endovascular coiling. In this study, we report a patient in whom an intraoperatively unraveled coil was successfully retrieved using a KUSABI exchange catheter, which is used in the field of cardiovascular medicine to facilitate catheter exchange in coronary interventions.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 90-year-old woman.