Synergy between virus and three kingdom pathogens, fungus, bacterium and virus is lost in rice mutant lines of OsRDR1/6.

Co-infection, caused by multiple pathogen attacks on an organism, can lead to disease development or immunity. This complex interaction can be synergetic, co-existing, or antagonistic, ultimately influencing disease severity. The interaction between fungus, bacterium, and virus (three kingdom pathogens) is most prevalent.

RNAi-dependent expression of sperm genes in ADL chemosensory neurons is required for olfactory responses in .

Environmental conditions experienced early in the life of an animal can result in gene expression changes later in its life history. We have previously shown that animals that experienced the developmentally arrested and stress resistant dauer stage (postdauers) retain a cellular memory of early-life stress that manifests during adulthood as genome-wide changes in gene expression, chromatin states, and altered life history traits. One consequence of developmental reprogramming in postdauer adults is the downregulation of TRPV channel gene expression in the ADL chemosensory neurons resulting in reduced avoidance to a pheromone component, ascr#3.

Evolutionary history influences the microbiomes of a female symbiotic reproductive organ in cephalopods.

Many female squids and cuttlefishes have a symbiotic reproductive organ called the accessory nidamental gland (ANG) that hosts a bacterial consortium involved with egg defense against pathogens and fouling organisms. While the ANG is found in multiple cephalopod families, little is known about the global microbial diversity of these ANG bacterial symbionts. We used 16S rRNA gene community analysis to characterize the ANG microbiome from different cephalopod species and assess the relationship between host and symbiont phylogenies.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of CjACOS5 confers no-pollen formation on sugi trees (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don).

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) is an economically important coniferous tree in Japan. However, abundant sugi pollen grains are dispersed and transported by the wind each spring and cause a severe pollen allergy syndrome (Japanese cedar pollinosis).

Cephalopod-omics: Emerging Fields and Technologies in Cephalopod Biology.

Few animal groups can claim the level of wonder that cephalopods instill in the minds of researchers and the general public. Much of cephalopod biology, however, remains unexplored: the largest invertebrate brain, difficult husbandry conditions, and complex (meta-)genomes, among many other things, have hindered progress in addressing key questions. However, recent technological advancements in sequencing, imaging, and genetic manipulation have opened new avenues for exploring the biology of these extraordinary animals.

Clinical evaluation of needle-free electronic pneumatic hyaluronic acid injection treatment for facial atrophic acne scars: A prospective, randomized comparative trial.

Acne scars are common but difficult to treat, and an effective new treatment strategy is desired. This prospective, split-face randomized controlled trial was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of needle-free electronic pneumatic hyaluronic acid injection (EPI-HA) treatment for acne scars. Thirty Japanese subjects with moderate to severe facial atrophic acne scars underwent EPI-HA treatment on a randomized side of their face.

Different photorespiratory mechanisms in conifer leaves, where peroxisomes have intrinsically low catalase activity.

Photorespiration is an essential metabolic mechanism associated with photosynthesis; however, little is known about the photorespiratory pathway of conifer gymnosperms. Metabolite analyses of the leaves of 27 tree species showed that the mean glycerate content in conifer leaves was lower than that in angiosperm leaves. We performed experiments where [ C]-serine was fed to detached shoots of a conifer (Cryptomeria japonica), via the transpiration stream, and compared the labeling patterns of photorespiratory metabolites with those of an angiosperm tree (Populus nigra), because glycerate is produced from serine via hydroxypyruvate in peroxisomes.

I536T variant of RBM20 affects splicing of cardiac structural proteins that are causative for developing dilated cardiomyopathy.

RBM20 is one of the genes predisposing to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Variants in the RS domain have been reported in many DCM patients, but the pathogenicity of variants within the RNA-recognition motif remains unknown. Two human patients with the I536T-RBM20 variant without an apparent DCM phenotype were identified in sudden death cohorts.

The Cingulate Island Sign is Useful for a Differential Diagnosis of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A 99mTc-ECD SPECT Study.

Introduction: Early-onset dementia is fast-progressing compared with late-onset dementia, with major clinical characteristics including prominent focal cerebral symptoms. Given its economic and psychological implications, proper diagnosis and treatment at an early stage is essential. In the present study, the authors conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the usefulness of various numerical indices (including CIScore calculated by eZIS, cerebral blood flow SPECT analysis software) in the differential diagnosis of early-onset dementia.

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis hepatitis is mediated by IFN-γ in a predominantly hepatic-intrinsic manner.

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is the main cytokine driving organ dysfunction in Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (FHL). Blockade of IFN-γ pathway ameliorates FHL hepatitis, both in animal models and in humans with FHL. Hepatocytes are known to express IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γ-R).

Nocturnal Acidification: A Coordinating Cue in the - Symbiosis.

The - symbiosis has become a powerful model for the study of specificity, initiation, and maintenance between beneficial bacteria and their eukaryotic partner. In this invertebrate model system, the bacterial symbionts are acquired every generation from the surrounding seawater by newly hatched squid. These symbionts colonize a specialized internal structure called the light organ, which they inhabit for the remainder of the host's lifetime.

Impact of correcting misinformation on social disruption.

People are obtaining more and more information from social media and other online sources, but the spread of misinformation can lead to social disruption. In particular, social networking services (SNSs) can easily spread information of uncertain authenticity and factuality. Although many studies have proposed methods that addressed how to suppress the spread of misinformation on SNSs, few works have examined the impact on society of diffusing both misinformation and its corrective information.

SOD1 mutations cause hypersensitivity to high-pressure-induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Unlabelled: Living organisms are subject to various mechanical stressors, such as high hydrostatic pressure. Empirical evidence shows that under high pressure, the oxidative stress response is activated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the mechanisms involved in its antioxidant systems are unclear.

RACE1, a Japanese Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate, is capable of overcoming partially mlo-mediated penetration resistance in barley in an allele-specific manner.

Loss-of-function mutation of the MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O (Mlo) gene confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew fungi in various plants, including barley. In combination with the intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) genes, which confer the race-specific resistance, the mlo alleles have long been used in barley breeding as genetic resources that confer robust non-race-specific resistance. However, a Japanese Blumeria graminis f.

Leveraging Short-Read Sequencing to Explore the Genomics of Sepiolid Squid.

Due to their large size (∼3-5 Gb) and high repetitive content, the study of cephalopod genomes has historically been problematic. However, with the recent sequencing of several cephalopod genomes, including the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes), whole-genome studies of these molluscs are now possible. Of particular interest are the sepiolid or bobtail squids, many of which develop photophores in which bioluminescent bacterial symbionts reside.

Effects of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT LOUD) on Swallowing in Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an uncommon progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective cure at present. The initial symptoms resemble those of Parkinson's disease; however, the prevalence of PSP is about one-tenth that of Parkinson's disease. In many cases, dysphagia is severe, and the development of dysphagia is an early predictor of life expectancy.

Dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenases involved in gallate biosynthesis of the aluminum-tolerant tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis.

Eucalyptus camaldulensis EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 combine gallate formation, dehydroquinate dehydratase, and shikimate dehydrogenase activities. They are candidates for providing the essential gallate for the biosynthesis of the aluminum-detoxifying metabolite oenothein B. The tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis shows exceptionally high tolerance against aluminum, a widespread toxic metal in acidic soils.

Identification of a Transcriptomic Network Underlying the Wrinkly and Smooth Phenotypes of Vibrio fischeri.

is a cosmopolitan marine bacterium that oftentimes displays different colony morphologies, switching from a smooth to a wrinkly phenotype in order to adapt to changes in the environment. This wrinkly phenotype has also been associated with increased biofilm formation, an essential characteristic for to adhere to substrates, to suspended debris, and within the light organs of sepiolid squids. Elevated levels of biofilm formation are correlated with increased microbial survival of exposure to environmental stressors and the ability to expand niche breadth.

Anti-PD-1 antibody therapy for epithelial skin malignancies: An investigator-initiated, open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase II clinical trial (NMSC-PD1 Study).

Introduction: Malignant cutaneous epithelial tumors comprise various skin malignancies originating from the cutaneous epithelium, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors. Treatment options are limited, as the rarity of these tumors, especially among Asians, renders well-controlled clinical trials extremely challenging to conduct. Thus, we designed a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody nivolumab in patients with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and other rare metastatic cutaneous epithelial tumors.