T2*-weighted MR imaging findings of giant cell tumors of bone: radiological-pathological correlation.

Purpose: To assess the correlation between T2*-weighted MR imaging and pathological findings of giant cell tumors (GCT) of bone.

Methods: Of the 33 patients with histopathologically proven GCT of bone, 12 were examined using 1.5-T MR imaging, including T2*-weighted imaging, and were included in this study.

The feasibility of dedicated breast PET for the assessment of residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of ring-type dedicated breast positron emission tomography (dbPET) for the detection of the residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 27 women with histologically proven breast cancer over a 37-month period. All patients underwent ring-type dbPET followed by whole-body PET-CT (WBPET) for preoperative tumor evaluation and re-staging after NAC.

C-methionine positron emission tomography for target delineation of recurrent glioblastoma in re-irradiation planning.

Aim: To define the optimal margin on MRI scans in the re-radiation planning of recurrent glioblastoma using methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET).

Background: It would be very useful if the optimal margin on MRI to cover the uptake area on MET-PET is known.

Materials And Methods: CT, MRI, and MET-PET were performed separately over the course of 2 weeks.

Treatment outcomes and late toxicities of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for 1091 Japanese patients with localized prostate cancer.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the treatment result of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in a large number of Japanese patients with prostate cancer.

Background: A total of 1091 patients with localized prostate cancer were recruited between March 2006 and July 2014. The patients were stratified into low- ( = 205 [18.

Utility of In-Cl scintigraphy for differentiating bone marrow reconversion.

Indium chloride (In-Cl) scintigraphy has been used to evaluate various hematological diseases for many years. However, there have been few reports on patients with bone marrow reconversion showing high uptake in In-Cl scintigraphy. Herein, we report a case of a 68-year-old man with esophageal cancer who underwent F-FDG PET/CT for staging of the disease.

Does intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) alter prostate size? Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of patients undergoing IMRT alone.

Aim: To assess the changes in prostate size in patients with prostate cancer undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

Background: The effect of size change produced by IMRT is not well known.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 72 patients who received IMRT alone without androgen-deprivation therapy and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination before and after IMRT.

Efficacy and safety of octreotide for the treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism: a prospective, open-label clinical trial and an observational study in Japan using a nationwide registry.

Octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analog, has been used for treating hypoglycemia caused by congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). However, octreotide has not been evaluated in clinical trials and has not been approved in any developed country. We aimed to test the efficacy and safety of octreotide for diazoxide-unresponsive CHI through a combination of a single-arm, open-label clinical trial (SCORCH study) and an observational study to collect data on the clinical course of patients treated off-label in Japan (SCORCH registry).

Focal form of congenital hyperinsulinism clearly detectable by contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging.

The focal form of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is characterized by a cluster of abnormal insulin-oversecreting β cells within a restricted area of the pancreas. Although identification of the focal lesion is very important in the management of CHI, it has been reported that imaging studies, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, or angiography, are not helpful in identifying the focal lesion. Currently, fluorine-18-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography ((18)F-DOPA PET) is believed to be the only imaging modality that can identify the focal lesions.

18-F fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in positron emission tomography as a pathological grade predictor for renal clear cell carcinomas.

Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18-F FDG-PET/CT) in the prediction of Fuhrman pathological grades of renal clear cell carcinoma (cRCC).

Methods: This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board, and written informed consent was waived. Thirty-one patients with pathologically proven cRCC underwent 18-F FDG-PET/CT for tumour staging.

Intraosseous schwannoma of the ilium.

We presented a 27-year-old male diagnosed with intraosseous schwannoma of the ilium. Computed tomographic images revealed a well-demarcated, lobulated, expansile, osteolytic lesion in the right supraacetabular region of the ilium. In addition, an intratumoral punctate calcification and a sclerotic rim were observed.

Congenital hyperinsulinism: global and Japanese perspectives.

Over the past 20 years, there has been remarkable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). These advances have been supported by the understanding of the molecular mechanism and the development of diagnostic modalities to identify the focal form of ATP-sensitive potassium channel CHI. Many patients with diazoxide-unresponsive focal CHI have been cured by partial pancreatectomy without developing postsurgical diabetes mellitus.

Image quality and radiation exposure in CT of the pancreas: 320-MDCT with and without adaptive iterative dose reduction versus 64-MDCT.

Aim: To compare the image quality and radiation exposure in computed tomography (CT) of the pancreas acquired using 320-multidetector (MD)CT versus 64-MDCT and to demonstrate the effects of adaptive iterative dose reduction (AIDR) on 320-MDCT.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and fifty patients were randomized into three groups including 320-section volume imaging using AIDR (group A), 320-slice volume scan without AIDR (group B), and 64-section helical imaging without AIDR (group C). Transaxial arterial, pancreatic phase, and volume-rendered CT angiographic images were reconstructed.

Congenital hyperinsulinism in an infant with paternal uniparental disomy on chromosome 11p15: few clinical features suggestive of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the most common congenital overgrowth syndrome involving tumor predisposition. BWS is caused by various epigenetic or genetic alterations that disrupt the imprinted genes on chromosome 11p15.5 and the clinical findings of BWS are highly variable.

Is "black geode" sign a characteristic MRI finding for extracranial schwannomas?

Purpose: To evaluate whether the "black geode" sign is a characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding for extracranial schwannomas.

Materials And Methods: Forty-three patients with pathologically confirmed extracranial schwannomas underwent preoperative gadolinium-enhanced MRI. The black geode sign was defined as the appearance of enhanced outer and inner rings.

Lasting 18F-DOPA PET uptake after clinical remission of the focal form of congenital hyperinsulinism.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) using (18)F-DOPA is a useful tool for detecting the focal forms of congenital hyperinsulinism. (18)F-DOPA is taken up by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in pancreatic β-cells. However, the role of this enzyme in insulin secretion is unknown.

Diagnostic accuracy of [¹⁸F]-fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography scan for persistent congenital hyperinsulinism in Japan.

Objective: We aimed to elucidate the accuracy and limitations of [(18)F]-fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine ([(18) F]DOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) for Japanese patients with congenital hyperinsulinism. Although [(18)F]DOPA PET is reported to be useful for precisely localizing the focal form of congenital hyperinsulinism, previous reports are mostly from European and North American centres.

Patients: Seventeen Japanese infants with congenital hyperinsulinism.

CT of the pancreas: comparison of anatomic structure depiction, image quality, and radiation exposure between 320-detector volumetric images and 64-detector helical images.

Purpose: To prospectively compare 320-detector volumetric and 64-detector helical computed tomographic (CT) images of the pancreas for depiction of anatomic structures, image noise, and radiation exposure.

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained. A total of 154 patients (85 men, 69 women; age range, 26-85 years; mean age, 67 years) who underwent biphasic (arterial and pancreatic phase) contrast material-enhanced CT performed with a 320-detector scanner were randomized into two groups: the 320-detector group and the 64-detector group.

Impact of [11C]methionine positron emission tomography for target definition of glioblastoma multiforme in radiation therapy planning.

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to define the optimal margins for gadolinium-enhanced T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-MRI) and T(2)-weighted MRI (T(2)-MRI) for delineating target volumes in planning radiation therapy for postoperative patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by comparison to carbon-11-labeled methionine positron emission tomography ([(11)C]MET-PET) findings.

Methods And Materials: Computed tomography (CT), MRI, and [(11)C]MET-PET were separately performed for radiation therapy planning for 32 patients newly diagnosed with GBM within 2 weeks after undergoing surgery. The extent of Gd-MRI (Gd-enhanced clinical target volume [CTV-Gd]) uptake and that of T(2)-MRI of the CTV (CTV-T(2)) were compared with the extent of [(11)C]MET-PET (CTV--[(11)C]MET-PET) uptake by using CT--MRI or CT--[(11)C]MET-PET fusion imaging.

Molecular and clinical analysis of Japanese patients with persistent congenital hyperinsulinism: predominance of paternally inherited monoallelic mutations in the KATP channel genes.

Background: Preoperative identification of the focal form of congenital hyperinsulinism is important for avoiding unnecessary subtotal pancreatectomy. However, neither the incidence nor the histological spectrum of the disease is known for Japanese patients.

Aims: The aim of the study was to elucidate the molecular and histological spectrum of congenital hyperinsulinism in Japan.

Pioglitazone, a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma acts as an inhibitor of colon cancer liver metastasis.

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Liganded PPARgamma can inhibit cancer cell proliferation. The in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect of the synthetic ligands, ciglitazone (CGZ) and pioglitazone (PGZ), on human colon cancer was investigated.

Target definition by C11-methionine-PET for the radiotherapy of brain metastases.

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of 11C-methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET) to delineate target volumes for brain metastases and to investigate to what extent tumor growth is presented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MET-PET.

Materials And Methods: Three observers undertook target definition in 19 patients with 95 brain metastases by MRI and MET-PET images. MRI gross target volume (GTV) (GTV-MRI) was defined as the contrast-enhanced area on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI.

Heat shock protein 27, a novel regulator of 5-fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer.

The resistance of colon cancer to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a critical issue, and the cause of this resistance cannot always be explained based on the known molecules. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) mRNA expression has recently been shown to be correlated with 5-FU resistance in 5-FU-resistant cell lines. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the functional mechanism of HSP27 in 5-FU resistance in colon cancer.

Evaluation of organ involvement in intravascular large B-cell lymphoma by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.

To evaluate the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL), we retrospectively analyzed four consecutive IVLBCL patients receiving FDG-PET before treatment between May 2006 and November 2007. Patients were two men and two women (median age 62 years, range 54-76 years). All patients received bone marrow biopsies and random skin biopsies and two of the four patients underwent renal biopsy for diagnosis.

Indications for laparoscopic surgery for Crohn's disease using the Vienna Classification.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome of laparoscopic surgery for Crohn's disease and clarify the indications using the Vienna Classification.

Method: Between September 1994 and July 2004, 107 patients with Crohn's disease underwent 124 procedures. Of these, 91 laparoscopic procedures formed the basis of this study.