Publications by authors named "Nishant Goyal"

Background: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are disabling and respond inadequately to antipsychotic treatment. Hypofunctioning of cortical areas such as anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex has been implicated in negative symptoms. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is efficacious for the negative symptoms.

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 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a novel technique recently under investigation with intention to improve outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). It increases the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and tissues by inhaling pure oxygen in an environment pressurized to at least 1.4 times normal atmospheric pressure (ATM) at sea level.

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The selection of an appropriate virtual reference schema is pivotal in determining the outcomes of event-related potential (ERP) studies, particularly within the widely utilized Talk/Listen ERP paradigm, which is employed to non-invasively explore the corollary discharge phenomenon in the speech-auditory system. This research centers on examining the effects of prevalent EEG reference schemas-linked mastoids (LM), common average reference (CAR), and reference electrode standardization technique (REST)-through statistical analysis, statistical parametric scalp mapping (SPSM), and source localization techniques. Our ANOVA findings indicate significant main effects for both the reference and the experimental condition on the amplitude of N1 ERPs.

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Background: High-frequency deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been known to be effective in modulating emotional experience but not studied in children and adolescents with externalizing behavior disorders (EBDs). We present a novel protocol for a study that aims to assess the safety and efficacy of adjuvant dTMS in managing emotional dysregulation in EBDs in children and adolescents.

Methods: The trial is prospectively registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) at www.

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  • Dissociative disorders disrupt normal psychological function, particularly affecting how individuals process threat-related information, with attachment styles significantly influencing their mental health.
  • The study involved 50 adolescents (25 with dissociative disorders and 25 healthy controls) testing their dissociative experiences and attachment styles using various assessment tools.
  • Results highlighted that attachment styles, particularly discomfort with closeness, are linked to information-processing biases, suggesting avenues for better understanding and management of dissociative disorders in adolescents.
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  • The study compared the effects of dexmedetomidine and lignocaine on stress response, postoperative pain, and recovery in patients undergoing craniotomy for tumors, highlighting the importance of stable cerebral hemodynamics.
  • 105 patients were divided into three groups: one receiving dexmedetomidine, another receiving lignocaine, and a control group receiving normal saline, with all infusions administered during surgery.
  • Results indicated that dexmedetomidine was more effective than lignocaine in managing hemodynamic stability, brain relaxation, postoperative pain, and overall recovery, showing improved analgesia duration post-surgery.
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Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP)--guided therapy is the standard of care in the management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ideal ICP monitoring technique is not yet available, based on its risks associated with bleeding, infection, or its unavailability at major centers. Authors propose that ICP can be gauged based on measuring pressures of other anatomical cavities, for example, the abdominal cavity.

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Background: Brain variations are responsible for developmental impairments, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). EEG signals efficiently detect neurological conditions by revealing crucial information about brain function abnormalities.

Objective: This study aims to utilize EEG data collected from both autistic and typically developing children to investigate the potential of a Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN) in predicting ASD based on neurological abnormalities revealed through EEG signals.

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Background: Neurotrophins have been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is one of the major neurotrophins that has attracted much research interest. Therefore, we undertook, to the best of our knowledge, the first scoping review encompassing all major psychiatric disorders and their relation to NGF.

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  • Accurate estimation of carrier fringe frequency is crucial for effectively demodulating off-axis digital holograms, particularly when dealing with phase objects.
  • The traditional approach of defining carrier frequency based on the amplitude peak of the cross-term in the Fourier transform may not always hold true for these types of holograms.
  • A new definition is proposed, using the centroid of the power spectrum of the cross-term, which proves to be more reliable, less affected by noise, and results in a smoother representation of the demodulated wave.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HDtDCS) priming improves the efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) in improving TRD.

Methodology: A prospective hospital-based, randomized control study where the participants were divided into active or sham HDtDCS-primed iTBS stimulation groups for a total of 10 sessions and were assessed on clinical parameters at baseline, end of week 1, and end of week 2 was done. Primary outcome of the study was the difference in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores over 2 weeks of HDtDCS-primed iTBS.

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Background: FD is relatively rare in the craniofacial region, accounting for only 20% of all cases. Currently, two general subtypes of FD are recognized: monostotic and polyostotic. The monostotic form is more frequent, accounting for 75% to 80% of fibrous dysplasia cases.

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Background: The National Mental Health Survey reports a prevalence of 2.7% for depressive disorders in India. The services for depression patients may be organized differently in India as compared to Western countries.

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Endovascular neurosurgery is one of the most rapidly evolving subspecialties in the field of neurosurgery. Since its inception, it has taken up almost 50%-60% of the cerebrovascular workload. Various specialties are competing to claim this field; still, no one can argue against a neurosurgeon's suitability in performing endovascular techniques.

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Pollen grains represent the male gametes of seed plants and their viability is critical for sexual reproduction in the plant life cycle. Palynology and viability studies have traditionally been used to address a range of botanical, ecological and geological questions, but recent work has revealed the importance of pollen viability in invasion biology as well. Here, we report an efficient visual method for assessing the viability of pollen using digital holographic microscopy (DHM).

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  • Bipolar disorder is characterized by severe mood swings and can disrupt thinking and behavior, with various inherited and environmental factors contributing to its complexity.
  • The text reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms of bipolar depression, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and discusses the potential of trimetazidine as a treatment.
  • Trimetazidine, initially used for angina pectoris, shows promise due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as well as its ability to normalize mitochondrial function, warranting further clinical trials for treating bipolar depression.
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  • A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence of depression in visually impaired or blind children and adolescents, which had not been previously reviewed.
  • The analysis included 13 studies with a total of 822 participants and found a pooled prevalence of depression or dysthymia at 14%, indicating a significant occurrence of these mental health issues in this demographic.
  • Gender differences were observed in five of the studies, with depressive disorders found in about 6.85% of males and 18.96% of females, suggesting a higher prevalence of depression among female visually impaired participants.
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Background: Tarlov cysts are sacral perineural cysts arising between the peri and endoneurium of the posterior spinal nerve root at the Dorsal Root Ganglion and have a global prevalence rate of 4.27%. These are primarily asymptomatic (only 1% with symptoms) and typically arise in females between the ages of 50-60.

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