Efficacy of Adjunctive High-Frequency Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Improving Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Feasibility Study.

Background: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are disabling and respond inadequately to antipsychotic treatment. Hypofunctioning of cortical areas such as anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex has been implicated in negative symptoms. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is efficacious for the negative symptoms.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a novel technique recently under investigation with intention to improve outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). It increases the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and tissues by inhaling pure oxygen in an environment pressurized to at least 1.4 times normal atmospheric pressure (ATM) at sea level.

Impact of EEG Reference Schemes on Event-Related Potential Outcomes: A Corollary Discharge Study Using a Talk/Listen Paradigm.

The selection of an appropriate virtual reference schema is pivotal in determining the outcomes of event-related potential (ERP) studies, particularly within the widely utilized Talk/Listen ERP paradigm, which is employed to non-invasively explore the corollary discharge phenomenon in the speech-auditory system. This research centers on examining the effects of prevalent EEG reference schemas-linked mastoids (LM), common average reference (CAR), and reference electrode standardization technique (REST)-through statistical analysis, statistical parametric scalp mapping (SPSM), and source localization techniques. Our ANOVA findings indicate significant main effects for both the reference and the experimental condition on the amplitude of N1 ERPs.

Safety and Efficacy of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Management of Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents with Externalizing Behavior Disorders: Protocol of a Transdiagnostic Sham Controlled fMRI Study.

Background: High-frequency deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been known to be effective in modulating emotional experience but not studied in children and adolescents with externalizing behavior disorders (EBDs). We present a novel protocol for a study that aims to assess the safety and efficacy of adjuvant dTMS in managing emotional dysregulation in EBDs in children and adolescents.

Methods: The trial is prospectively registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) at www.

Extracranial pressure (ECP) monitoring in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI): A prospective study validating intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement for predicting intracranial pressure (ICP).

Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP)--guided therapy is the standard of care in the management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ideal ICP monitoring technique is not yet available, based on its risks associated with bleeding, infection, or its unavailability at major centers. Authors propose that ICP can be gauged based on measuring pressures of other anatomical cavities, for example, the abdominal cavity.

Brain-region specific autism prediction from electroencephalogram signals using graph convolution neural network.

Background: Brain variations are responsible for developmental impairments, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). EEG signals efficiently detect neurological conditions by revealing crucial information about brain function abnormalities.

Objective: This study aims to utilize EEG data collected from both autistic and typically developing children to investigate the potential of a Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN) in predicting ASD based on neurological abnormalities revealed through EEG signals.

Nerve Growth Factor in Psychiatric Disorders: A Scoping Review.

Background: Neurotrophins have been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is one of the major neurotrophins that has attracted much research interest. Therefore, we undertook, to the best of our knowledge, the first scoping review encompassing all major psychiatric disorders and their relation to NGF.

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation-Primed Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Controlled Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HDtDCS) priming improves the efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) in improving TRD.

Methodology: A prospective hospital-based, randomized control study where the participants were divided into active or sham HDtDCS-primed iTBS stimulation groups for a total of 10 sessions and were assessed on clinical parameters at baseline, end of week 1, and end of week 2 was done. Primary outcome of the study was the difference in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores over 2 weeks of HDtDCS-primed iTBS.

Hump on head: Rare case of bi-frontal fibrous dysplasia.

Background: FD is relatively rare in the craniofacial region, accounting for only 20% of all cases. Currently, two general subtypes of FD are recognized: monostotic and polyostotic. The monostotic form is more frequent, accounting for 75% to 80% of fibrous dysplasia cases.

Research on treatment-related aspects of depression from India in the preceding decade (2014-2023): An updated systematic review.

Background: The National Mental Health Survey reports a prevalence of 2.7% for depressive disorders in India. The services for depression patients may be organized differently in India as compared to Western countries.

Need to Incorporate Endovascular Neurosurgery in Neurosurgery Curriculum in India: Stay Abreast or be Left Behind.

Endovascular neurosurgery is one of the most rapidly evolving subspecialties in the field of neurosurgery. Since its inception, it has taken up almost 50%-60% of the cerebrovascular workload. Various specialties are competing to claim this field; still, no one can argue against a neurosurgeon's suitability in performing endovascular techniques.

Quantification of pollen viability in by digital holographic microscopy.

Pollen grains represent the male gametes of seed plants and their viability is critical for sexual reproduction in the plant life cycle. Palynology and viability studies have traditionally been used to address a range of botanical, ecological and geological questions, but recent work has revealed the importance of pollen viability in invasion biology as well. Here, we report an efficient visual method for assessing the viability of pollen using digital holographic microscopy (DHM).

Giant Tarlov Cyst presenting as pelvic mass: Often doing less is better.

Background: Tarlov cysts are sacral perineural cysts arising between the peri and endoneurium of the posterior spinal nerve root at the Dorsal Root Ganglion and have a global prevalence rate of 4.27%. These are primarily asymptomatic (only 1% with symptoms) and typically arise in females between the ages of 50-60.