Assessing the Sensitivity of Isolates to Mefenoxam through Host Responses.

Downy mildew caused by is responsible for significant economic losses in cultivated sunflowers. Field isolates of sunflower downy mildew resistant to mefenoxam, a previously effective active ingredient against the pathogen, have been found across Europe. The main goal of this study was to assess the sensitivity of isolates to mefenoxam through host responses to infection, such as symptoms measured by disease severity and growth reduction, and host tissue reactions, such as hypersensitive reaction and necrosis of invaded cells.

A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants.

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher concentration of HMs, above a threshold, adversely affects cellular metabolism because of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which target the key biological molecules. Moreover, some of the HMs such as mercury and arsenic, among others, can directly alter the protein/enzyme activities by targeting their -SH group to further impede the cellular metabolism.

New and High Virulent Pathotypes of Sunflower Downy Mildew () in Seven Countries in Europe.

Downy mildew of sunflower, caused by (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni, is a relevant disease of this crop.

Involvement of dehydrin proteins in mitigating the negative effects of drought stress in plants.

Drought stress-induced crop loss has been considerably increased in recent years because of global warming and changing rainfall pattern. Natural drought-tolerant plants entail the recruitment of a variety of metabolites and low molecular weight proteins to negate the detrimental effects of drought stress. Dehydrin (DHN) proteins are one such class of proteins that accumulate in plants during drought and associated stress conditions.

First Report on the Occurrence of an Aggressive Pathotype, 734, of Plasmopara halstedii Causing Sunflower Downy Mildew in Hungary.

Downy mildew of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl.

Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Salinity Stress Tolerance in Plants.

Salinity stress is one of the major threats to agricultural productivity across the globe. Research in the past three decades, therefore, has focused on analyzing the effects of salinity stress on the plants. Evidence gathered over the years supports the role of ethylene as a key regulator of salinity stress tolerance in plants.

Preliminary Investigation of Effect of Neem-Derived Pesticides on Pathotype 704 in Sunflower under and Conditions.

Two neem-derived pesticides were examined under and conditions to test their efficacy in controlling pathotype 704, a causal agent of downy mildew in sunflower. All the tested concentrations of neem leaf extract and the highest concentration of commercial neem product significantly reduced the sporangial germination under conditions. In experiment, 3-days old pre-treated seedlings with both concentrations of neem leaf extract and the highest concentration of commercial product showed a significant reduction in the infection indicating possible systemic effect of neem.