Comparative mitogenomic analysis of f. sp. suggests recombination events during its evolutionary history.

Introduction: Modern understanding of the concept of genetic diversity must include the study of both nuclear and organellar DNA, which differ greatly in terms of their structure, organization, gene content and distribution. This study comprises an analysis of the genetic diversity of the smut fungus f. sp.

Envirotype-based delineation of environmental effects and genotype × environment interactions in Indian soybean (Glycine max, L.).

Soybean is a rainfed crop grown across a wide range of environments in India. Its grain yield is a complex trait governed by many minor genes and influenced by environmental effects and genotype × environment interactions. In the current investigation, grain yield data of different sets of 41, 30 and 48 soybean genotypes evaluated during 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively across 19 locations and twenty years' data on 19 different climatic parameters at these locations was used to study the environmental effects on grain yield, to understand the genotype × environment interactions and to identify the mega-environments.

H-atom site exchange in an iridium -dihydrogen/hydride complex, -[Ir(H)(η-H)(POCOP)(DMAP)].

Treatment of -[Ir(H)(N)(POCOP)(DMAP)][BAr] (2) with H (1 bar) under ambient conditions (298 K) results in the formation of a -[Ir(H)(η-H)(POCOP)(DMAP)][BAr] (3) complex. Complex 3 exhibits H-atom site exchange between the bound H and the hydride ligands which are mutually to one another. A plausible mechanism of this exchange involves metal-ligand cooperativity as studied by computations.

A Retrospective Study on Profile of Patients with Faciomaxilary Fractures in a Tertiary Care Center.

Maxillofacial injuries in general occur quite commonly following trauma and these injuries if not properly managed can negatively influence both the psychosocial and functional activities of the patient. This is as a result of the centrality of the facial region as a key factor in human identity, aesthetics, and general well-being. Fractures involving the facial skeleton may be isolated or complex.

Identification and genetic diversity analysis of high-yielding charcoal rot resistant soybean genotypes.

Charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is one of the most devastating diseases in soybean in India. During 2018, 226 diverse soybean genotypes were evaluated for genetic resistance under hot-spot conditions. Out of them, a subset of 151 genotypes were selected based on Percent Disease Incidence (PDI) and better agronomic performance.

The Effector Vag2 Promotes Head Smut Disease via Suppression of Plant Defense Responses.

Genome comparison between the maize pathogens and revealed a large diversity region (19-1) containing nearly 30 effector gene candidates, whose deletion severely hampers virulence of both fungi. Dissection of the gene cluster resulted in the identification of one major contributor to virulence, (; ). Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments revealed high expression of during biotrophic growth of .

Hyperhomocysteinemia and low vitamin B12 are associated with the risk of early pregnancy loss: A clinical study and meta-analyses.

One-carbon metabolism is crucial for the maintenance of healthy pregnancy and alterations in this pathway have been associated with various pregnancy-related complications. Therefore, the present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the altered folic acid, vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels are associated with the risk of early pregnancy loss (EPL). Plasma folic acid, vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels were analyzed in 83 females with EPL and 70 healthy pregnant females in their first trimester.

Comparison of Expression of Chemokine Receptor 4 in Maternal Decidua and Chorionic Villi in Women with Spontaneous Miscarriages and Women Opting for Termination of Viable Pregnancies.

Background: Early pregnancy losses can be a distressing experience both for the parents and the treating clinician. We aim to explore the role of chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in early pregnancy losses by comparing its expression among patients with spontaneous miscarriages and patients undergoing termination of viable pregnancies for unwanted pregnancies.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of CXCR4 in early pregnancy losses and correlate the various clinical parameters with differential expression of the above receptor in the chorionic villi and maternal decidua.

Outcome of Non-drainage Scleral Buckling in Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Introduction: Scleral buckling (SB) was the principal surgical intervention for patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) until the development of pars plana vitrectomy. The study aims to evaluate the outcome of SB without subretinal fluid (SRF) drainage in RRD.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center.

Risk Factors Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Hospital Based Study.

Introduction: Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is a chronic diffuse abnormality of the Meibomian glands often found as a result of precipitating factors like dyslipidemia, infections, hypertension, diabetes, etc. This study aims to find the prevalence of various risk factors of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) which will ultimately help in managing the disease and explaining the prognosis.

Materials And Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study.

Variable presentation of diabetic papillopathy and treatment dilemma- A case series.

Introduction: Diabetic papillopathy (DP) is a diagnosis of exclusion in type 1 and type 2 diabetics with transient disc edema. It was initially described in young patients with type1 diabetes mellitus (DM) as a bilateral disease with minimal visual symptoms which resolved spontaneously. Lately, DP has been a focus of controversy because of its wide clinical spectrum.

Intra-operative scleral rupture during 23 gauge pars plana vitrectomy: a case report.

Background: Use of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) has been increasingly growing as an adjuvant in vitreo-retina surgeries. Some commonly encountered complications with its use include subretinal migration, formation of sticky silicone oil or retained PFCL in vitreous cavity and anterior chamber. Scleral rupture during PFCL injection has a rare occurrence.

A Teenager with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis and Pellucid Marginal Degeneration, Presenting with Exotropia.

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), an allergic disease, has a known association with ectatic disorders of the cornea. Pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) is a bilateral, asymmetrical, ectatic disorder of the cornea characterized by inferior corneal thinning. We report a case of sensory exotropia due to PMD in association with VKC.

Retinal Vasculitis with Macular Infarction: A Dengue-related Ophthalmic Complication.

Introduction: Dengue-associated ocular complications are increasing owing to the rising global burden of dengue fever. We intend to highlight a rare and sight-threatening complication of this disease.

Case Details: A 44-year-old male, with prior history of dengue fever, presented with diminution of vision in both eyes for 10 days.

A novel way of Subfoveal Perfluorocarbon liquid Removal using 26 gauge spinal anesthesia needle.

Introduction: Perfurocarbon Liquid (PFCL) is an essential adjunct of retinal detachment surgery. Subfoveal migration of PFCL is a rare and vision threatening complication of its use. Various techniques have been described for its removal.

Inverted temporal internal limiting membrane flap technique for chronic large traumatic macular hole.

Various modifications of surgical techniques and surgical adjuncts are adopted with standard pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) to improve the outcome of traumatic macular hole (TMH) surgeries. We describe a successful closure of a chronic large TMH of three years duration with inverted temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique. A 36-year-old male patient had an optical coherence tomography (OCT) documented chronic macular hole (MH) for three years following blunt trauma.

Screening of Secreted Proteins of f. sp. z for Cell Death Suppression in .

f. sp. (SRZ) is a biotrophic fungus causing head smut in maize.

Intraoperative Ocular Decompression Retinopathy During 23 Gauge Transconjunctival Vitrectomy: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report an uncommon case of intraoperative ocular decompression retinopathy (ODR).

Case Report: A 48-year-old man presented with decreased vision and pain in the left eye (LE) for 10 days following trauma with a bamboo stick. He had visual acuity of counting finger close to face in the same eye, along with corneal edema, dilated pupil and posteriorly dislocated lens.

Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in patients of primary open angle glaucoma and normal population in Nepalese population: A hospital based study.

Introduction: Central corneal thickness (CCT) is a powerful predictor of primary open angle glaucoma. Individualized risk assessment is critical for early diagnosis and management of glaucoma.

Objectives: To compare CCT and intraocular pressure in patients of primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) with those of normal population.

Breastfeeding Knowledge and Behavior Among Women Visiting a Tertiary Care Center in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Breastfeeding is commonly practiced by a majority of mothers in developing countries, though there are widespread misconceptions about optimal breastfeeding traditions. In addition to culturally prominent rituals and social norms, incorrect and inadequate breastfeeding knowledge is major factors for this high-risk behavior.

Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude and practices of breastfeeding among girls and women visiting a tertiary care center in India and to find out the factors, which influence the breastfeeding behaviors.

Altered crosstalk of estradiol and progesterone with Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Th1/Th2 cytokines in early miscarriage is associated with early breakdown of maternal-fetal tolerance.

Problem: Decline in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Th2 cytokines levels lead to early miscarriage (EM) but how the hormonal milieu of the body regulates MDSCs and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance is still a matter of investigation.

Method Of Study: Peripheral blood and decidua samples were collected from 20 EM patients, and 20 healthy pregnant women opted for elective abortion. MDSCs and G-MDSCs levels were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and Th1/Th2 cytokines levels were determined in serum via flow cytometry.

Physiological Ocular Changes in Various Trimesters of Pregnancy.

Introduction: A large number of hormonal, metabolic, immunologic and haematological changes occur in all organ system of female body during pregnancy. Human eye and its function are no exception to these changes.

Purpose: To evaluate physiological ocular changes in various trimesters of pregnancy and to compare them amongst the three trimesters.

Collagen cross-linking in recalcitrant corneal ulcers: A case series.

Introduction: Corneal ulcer is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Many of these patients don't respond to conventional treatment with topical agents. Collagen cross-linking (CXL) has been suggested to avoid complications requiring emergency keratoplasty.