Single amino acid change alters specificity of the multi-allelic wheat stem rust resistance locus SR9.

Most rust resistance genes thus far isolated from wheat have a very limited number of functional alleles. Here, we report the isolation of most of the alleles at wheat stem rust resistance gene locus SR9. The seven previously reported resistance alleles (Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9e, Sr9f, Sr9g, and Sr9h) are characterised using a synergistic strategy.

Proteomic and metabolomic profiling combined with studies reveal the antiproliferative mechanism of silver nanoparticles in MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells.

Silver nanoparticles, shaped and stabilized by various means, are known to alter biological systems and promote cytotoxicity. However, the precise mechanism by which they induce toxic outcomes in cancer cells is poorly understood. Using a combination of cellular and biophysical assays and proteomic and metabolomic analyses, we report the cytotoxic mechanism of action of tryptone-stabilized silver nanoparticles (T-AgNPs).

Tracing Viral Transmission and Evolution of Bovine Leukemia Virus through Long Read Oxford Nanopore Sequencing of the Proviral Genome.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL), a persistent life-long disease resulting in immune dysfunction and shortened lifespan in infected cattle, severely impacting the profitability of the US dairy industry. Our group has found that 94% of dairy farms in the United States are infected with BLV with an average in-herd prevalence of 46%. This is partly due to the lack of clinical presentation during the early stages of primary infection and the elusive nature of BLV transmission.

Shedding and transmission of a live attenuated influenza A virus vaccine in pre-weaned pigs under field conditions.

Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the most important respiratory viruses affecting pig health and vaccination is the most common strategy to control influenza infections. In this field study we assessed the onset and duration of shedding of a live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccine, its ability to transmit to non-vaccinated pigs and whether the LAIV could be aerosolized and detected in the environment. Thirty-three litters (n = 33) of a farm using the LAIV vaccine were selected for the study, a subset of them (n = 12) were left unvaccinated and a subset of piglets (n = 3) in vaccinated litters were also left unvaccinated to serve as sentinels.

9-PAN promotes tubulin- and ROS-mediated cell death in human triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Objectives: To examine the antiproliferative effect of a rationally designed, novel noscapine analogue, 9-((perfluorophenyl)methylene) aminonoscapine, '9-PAN') on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action.

Methods: The rationally designed Schiff base-containing compound, 9-PAN, was characterized using IR, NMR and mass spectra analysis. The effect of the compound on cell viability was studied using an MTT assay.

Genetic variability of influenza A virus in pigs at weaning in Midwestern United States swine farms.

Suckling piglets play an important role at maintaining influenza A virus (IAV) infections in breeding herds and disseminating them to other farms at weaning. However, the role they play at weaning to support and promote genetic variability of IAV is not fully understood. The objective here was to evaluate the genetic diversity of IAV in pigs at weaning in farms located in the Midwestern USA.

Genetic diversity of influenza A viruses circulating in pigs between winter and summer in a Minnesota live animal market.

There has been little surveillance of influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulating in swine at live animal markets, particularly in the United States. To address this gap, we conducted active surveillance of IAVs in pigs, the air, and the environment during a summer and winter season in a live animal market in St. Paul, Minnesota, that had been epidemiologically associated with swine-origin influenza cases in humans previously.

Tryptone-stabilized gold nanoparticles induce unipolar clustering of supernumerary centrosomes and G1 arrest in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Gold nanoparticles of different sizes, shapes, and decorations exert a variety of effects on biological systems. We report a novel mechanism of action of chemically modified, tryptone-stabilized gold nanoparticles (T-GNPs) in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231. The T-GNPs, synthesized using HAuCl.

Cell death mechanisms in eukaryotes.

Like the organism they constitute, the cells also die in different ways. The death can be predetermined, programmed, and cleanly executed, as in the case of apoptosis, or it can be traumatic, inflammatory, and sudden as many types of necrosis exemplify. Nevertheless, there are a number of cell deaths-some of them bearing a resemblance to apoptosis and/or necrosis, and many, distinct from each-that serve a multitude of roles in either supporting or disrupting the homoeostasis.

Perturbation of tubulin structure by stellate gold nanoparticles retards MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell viability.

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of different sizes and shapes have been investigated extensively for their therapeutic potential against several diseases including cancer. However, the mechanisms with which they affect the cells are yet to be fully comprehended. In this study, we report the strong antiproliferative potential of novel, star-shaped ("stellate") GNPs that target tubulin-the building-block protein of the cytoskeletal filaments called microtubules-and disrupt microtubule network integrity.

Comparison of individual, group and environmental sampling strategies to conduct influenza surveillance in pigs.

Background: Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important pathogen in pigs that affects productivity and has important public health implications because of its zoonotic nature. Surveillance is central to the control of influenza, however, detection of IAV infections can be challenging in endemically infected herds with low prevalence of infection.

Methods: In groups of suckling (18-21 days of age) and growing (35-45 days of age) pigs, we compared various sampling approaches to detect, isolate and sequence IAV using individual (nasal swabs, nasal wipes and oropharyngeal swabs), group (oral fluids, surface wipes and sow udder skin wipes) and environmental (airborne particles deposited on surfaces and air samples) sampling approaches.

Identification and Validation of a Common Stem Rust Resistance Locus in Two Bi-parental Populations.

Races belonging to Ug99 lineage of stem rust fungus f. sp. () continue to pose a threat to wheat ( L.

Identification and characterization of , a tetraploid wheat gene that confers resistance to the Ug99 stem rust race group.

The f. sp. () Ug99 race group is virulent to most stem rust resistance genes currently deployed in wheat and poses a threat to global wheat production.

Discovery of a Novel Stem Rust Resistance Allele in Durum Wheat that Exhibits Differential Reactions to Ug99 Isolates.

Wheat stem rust, caused by f. sp. Eriks.

Vitis vinifera peel and seed gold nanoparticles exhibit chemopreventive potential, antioxidant activity and induce apoptosis through mutant p53, Bcl-2 and pan cytokeratin down-regulation in experimental animals.

Several studies suggest surface modifications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by capping agents or surface coatings could play an important role in biological systems, and site directed delivery. The present study was carried out to assess the antioxidant and apoptotic activities of the Vitis vinifera peel and seed gold nanoparticles in experimentally induced cancer in Swiss albino mice. 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) (single application) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) (thrice a week) were applied on the dorsal area of the skin to induce skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice for 16 weeks.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sygyzium cumini Nanoparticles for Its Protective Potential in High Glucose-Induced Cardiac Stress: a Green Approach.

There exists a complex and multifactorial relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Hyperglycemia is an important factor imposing damage (glucose toxicity) on cardiac cell leading to diabetic cardiomyopathy. There are substantial clinical evidences on the adverse effects of conventional therapies in the prevention/treatment of diabetic cardiovascular complications.

Genetic Mapping of Stem Rust Resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Race TRTTF in the Canadian Wheat Cultivar Harvest.

Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is a destructive disease of wheat that can be controlled by deploying effective stem rust resistance (Sr) genes.

Markers Linked to Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr11 Effective to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Race TKTTF.

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, can cause severe yield losses on susceptible wheat varieties and cultivars.

Molecular and genetic characterization of barley mutants and genetic mapping of mutant rpr2 required for Rpg1-mediated resistance against stem rust.

This study describes the generation, screening, genetic and molecular characterization, and high-resolution mapping of barley mutants susceptible to stem rust ( Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici ) races MCCF and HKHJ.

A new 2DS·2RL Robertsonian translocation transfers stem rust resistance gene Sr59 into wheat.

A new stem rust resistance gene Sr59 from Secale cereale was introgressed into wheat as a 2DS·2RL Robertsonian translocation. Emerging new races of the wheat stem rust pathogen (Puccinia graminis f. sp.

Role of buprenorphine in prolonging the duration of post-operative analgesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Comparison between bupivacaine versus bupivacaine and buprenorphine combination.

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the treatment of choice for large renal calculi. Pain around the nephrostomy tube is a clinical problem and we have previously reported alleviation of pain by peritubal block with bupivacaine, which lasted for 14 hours. The present study aimed to investigate the role of buprenorphine and bupivacaine combination in prolonging the duration of analgesia in peritubal block.

Characterization of Sr9h, a wheat stem rust resistance allele effective to Ug99.

Wheat stem rust resistance gene SrWeb is an allele at the Sr9 locus that confers resistance to Ug99. Race TTKSK (Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using actinobacterium Streptomyces albogriseolus and its antibacterial activity.

An eco-friendly approach to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by extracellular components of Streptomyces albogriseolus has been reported. The isolated actinobacteria were genotypically identified by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, and the morphology was observed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The preliminary characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.

Bio-based nanoemulsion formulation, characterization and antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens.

The current study deals with the formulation and characterization of bio-based oil in water nanoemulsion and its potential antibacterial activity. A typical v/v% of eucalyptus oil (16.66%), Tween 80 (16.