The neuroprotective potential of carbazole in traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To review the neuroprotective potential of carbazole and its derivatives in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI), focusing on their mechanisms of action, preclinical findings, and potential clinical applications.

Data Sources: Relevant literature was identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases.

Review Methods: This review includes an analysis of studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of carbazole, emphasizing its anti-apoptotic, antioxidative, neurotrophic, and mitochondrial protective mechanisms.

A safe, novel and ingenious method for autogenous bone graft storage in spine surgery with constrained resources - operative site as the bone bank.

Background: The aim of our study is to establish whether the bone graft harvested and stored in the surgical wound by our novel technique is safe, reproducible and preserves the viability of the graft. In doing so, it promises successful bony fusion in spine and orthopaedic surgeries.

Methods: A prospective clinical case series was conducted for autogenous bone graft storage in complex spine surgeries requiring staged procedures, in resource constrained settings.

Delineating the NOX-Mediated Promising Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Various Cardiovascular Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.

Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are reported to occur with very high rates of incidence and exhibit high morbidity and mortality rates across the globe. Therefore, research is focused on searching for novel therapeutic targets involving multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development and progression of various CVDs, such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and myocardial infarction.

Amplification of Cardioprotective Response of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Rats by Quercetin: Potential Role of Activation of mTOR-dependent Autophagy and Nrf2.

Objectives: Noninvasive remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a practical, acceptable, and feasible conditioning technique reported to provide cardioprotection in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). It has been well-reported that quercetin possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigates the modification of the cardioprotective response of RIPC by quercetin.

Beneficial effect of lupeol and metformin in mouse model of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced dementia.

This study examines the effectiveness of lupeol and metformin in a mouse model of dementia generated by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (i.c.v.

The role of β-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion. Why do β-adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists protect the heart?

Background: Catecholamines and β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) play an important role in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to the impact of ischemia and reperfusion. This systematic review analyzed the molecular mechanisms of the cardioprotective activity of β-AR ligands.

Methods: We performed an electronic search of topical articles using PubMed databases from 1966 to 2023.

Serotonergic Psychedelics: A Comparative Review of Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Binding Profile.

Psychedelic compounds, including psilocybin, LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), DMT (N,N -dimethyltryptamine), and 5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), all of which are serotonin 2A receptor agonists, are being investigated as potential treatments. This review aims to summarize the current clinical research on these 4 compounds and mescaline to guide future research. Their mechanism(s) of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety were reviewed.

Effect of Benidipine Alone and in Combination With Bosentan and Sildenafil in Amelioration of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Experimental Model in Rats.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a persistent condition affecting the pulmonary arteries' endothelium. Benidipine, a calcium channel blocker, possesses vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory activity, reduces oxidative stress, and inhibits the activity of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of benidipine alone and in combination with bosentan and sildenafil on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension in a rat model.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Psychiatric Acuity in a Community Psychiatric Hospital.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had extensive impacts on mental health care delivery. Anecdotal observations of inpatient care teams at Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute suggested increased patient acuity during the pandemic. The authors found no consensus definition for measuring psychiatric acuity in the literature.

Probing the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of under Ideal Germination Conditions.

is a rich source of polyphenols whose contents and profile may vary according to environmental conditions, harvest season, and plant tissue. The present study aimed to characterize the profile of phenolic compounds in different tissues of grown under different temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C), using HPLC/MS, as well as their constituent phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant activities. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylenebenzothiozoline-6-sulfonicacid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods.

Exploring the ameliorative potential of in acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of in acetic-acid-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Acetic acid (3%v/v, in 0.9% saline) was infused intrarectally to induce ulceration in mice.

Ephrin B/EphB in neuropathic pain: Role and molecular mechanisms.

Ephrins are protein ligands that act through the tyrosine kinase receptor family, Eph receptors. The role of ephrin/Eph in the critical processes involved in the development of the nervous system, including axon guidance and cell migration, has been well documented. Moreover, studies have shown an upregulation of ephrin B1/EphB1 and ephrin B2/EphB2 in neuropathic pain of different etiology.

Endless Journey of Adenosine Signaling in Cardioprotective Mechanism of Conditioning Techniques: Clinical Evidence.

Myocardial ischemic injury is a primary cause of death among various cardiovascular disorders. The condition occurs due to an interrupted supply of blood and vital nutrients (necessary for normal cellular activities and viability) to the myocardium, eventually leading to damage. Restoration of blood supply to ischemic tissue is noted to cause even more lethal reperfusion injury.

The effect of an adaptation to hypoxia on cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.

The acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), both associated with acute cardiac ischemia, are one of the leading causes of adult death in economically developed countries. The development of new approaches for the treatment and prevention of AMI and SCD remains the highest priority for medicine. A study on the cardiovascular effects of chronic hypoxia (CH) may contribute to the development of these methods.

Valsartan Protects in High Fat Diet During Ischemic Reperfusion Injury.

Aim: The study investigates the effect of Valsartan, an Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB), on the blunted neuroprotective response of ischemic post-conditioning (iPoCo) in rats subjected to High Fat Diet (HFD).

Background: The neuroprotective response of iPoCo is blunted in conditions of vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED) associated with hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension, Objectives: The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Valsartan, an ARB, on the blunted neuroprotective response of iPoCo in rats subjected to HFD.

Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to HFD for 56 days.

The Infarct-Reducing Effect of the δ Opioid Receptor Agonist Deltorphin II: The Molecular Mechanism.

The search for novel drugs for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion injury of the heart is an urgent aim of modern pharmacology. Opioid peptides could be such potential drugs in this area. However, the molecular mechanism of the infarct-limiting effect of opioids in reperfusion remains unexplored.

Nano-formulations in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia: An overview.

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a significant challenge to global health. The absorption and bioavailability depend on the delivery vehicle being used. Ferrous sulphate is a drug of choice for IDA but leads to frequent gastrointestinal tract side effects that force the patient to discontinue the treatment.

Pyroptosis is a drug target for prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling: The crosstalk between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main reasons of cardiovascular disease-related death. The introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention to clinical practice dramatically decreased the mortality rate in AMI. Adverse cardiac remodeling is a serious problem in cardiology.

The regulation of necroptosis and perspectives for the development of new drugs preventing ischemic/reperfusion of cardiac injury.

In the last 10 years, mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not significantly decreased. This situation is associated with the absence in clinical practice of highly effective drugs capable of preventing the occurrence of reperfusion injury of the heart. Necroptosis inhibitors may become prototypes for the creation of highly effective drugs that increase cardiac tolerance to ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) and reduce the mortality rate in patients with AMI.

Demystifying the dual role of the angiotensin system in neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic Pain is caused by damage to a nerve or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Apart from the blood pressure regulating actions of angiotensin ligands, studies have shown that it also modulates neuropathic pain. In the animal models including surgical, chemotherapeutic, and retroviral-induced neuropathic pain, an increase in the levels of angiotensin II has been identified and it has been proposed that an increase in angiotensin II may participate in the induction of neuropathic pain.

Neuroprotective Effect of Piclamilast-Induced Post-Ischemia Pharmacological Treatment in Mice.

Various studies have evidenced the neuroprotective role of PDE4 inhibitors. However, whether PDE4 inhibitor, Piclamilast pharmacological post-treatment is protective during cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced injury remains unknown. Therefore, this study design included testing the hypothesis that Piclamilast administered at the beginning of a reperfusion phase (Piclamilast pPost-trt) shows protective effects and explores & probes underlying downstream mechanisms.