Polymeric Nanoparticles Revolutionizing Brain Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Strategies and Advances.

Brain cancer continues to be one of the most formidable malignancies to manage, mainly attributable to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limiting the permeability of drugs and the diverse characteristics of brain tumors complicating treatment. The management of brain tumors has been hampered by many different factors, including the impermeability of the BBB, which restricts the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumor site, as well as intertumoral heterogeneity and the influence of brain tumor stem cells. In addition, small molecular weight drugs cannot specifically accumulate in malignant cells and have a limited circulation half-life.

Recent progress of functional nano-chitosan in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications: An updated review.

Chitosan is a deacylated derivative of chitin, which is a naturally occurring polysaccharide found in the shells of crustaceans. Chitosan's biocompatibility, physicochemical and mechanical properties qualify it as an excellent candidate for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, the nanoengineering of chitosan enhances its functional and desirable properties for various applications.

Heterogeneity in nomenclature and abbreviation usage for anti-synthetase syndrome: a scoping review.

Anti-synthetase syndrome constitutes a dynamically evolving subset of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy, however, the nomenclature and abbreviations for this syndrome are plagued by heterogeneity, leading to lack of consistency in literature. The objective of this study is to evaluate existing diversity in disease names and abbreviations, with a future goal to develop consensus on the nomenclature. A scoping review format was used for analysis.

Role of substance P in cerebral edema and association with an estimated specific gravity of the brain and an outcome prediction in post-traumatic cerebral edema.

Purpose: The study aims to evaluate the role of substance P in cerebral edema and outcomes associated with acute TBI.

Method: Patients with acute TBI who presented within 6 h and a CT scan showed predominantly cerebral edema were included in the study. Substance P level was assessed from a serum sample collected within 6 h of trauma.

Betalains Alleviate Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fatigue and Improve Sports Performance: an Update on Recent Advancement.

Purpose Of Review: Beetroot juice is a popular natural food supplement commonly consumed for its health and ergogenic benefits. It contains an abundance of phytochemical compounds, which have been shown to enhance sports endurance and recovery. Among them, nitrate is well-studied and known for improving performance during exercise.

Engineered nanostructures within sol-gel bioactive glass for enhanced bioactivity and modulated drug delivery.

The engineering of nanocrystalline phase in amorphous oxide materials such as bioactive glass is emerging as a new area of great technological and scientific interest in the field of biomaterials. This study reports for the first time the infusion of apatite nanocrystals in sol-gel-derived bioactive glass using P123 as the structure-directing agent. The synthesis of a multicomponent 80SiO-15CaO-5PO bioactive glass material having a hierarchically ordered mesoporous structure with uniformly grown nanocrystals of apatite was achieved through a sono-assisted surfactant-templated sol-gel method.

Assessment of Stress, Resilience, and Coping Style among Medical Students and Effectiveness of Intervention Programs on Stress Level in South India: A Non-randomized Control Trial.

Background: Uncontrolled stress can be made at ease through resilient emotions and higher coping skills. The study aimed at assessing the level of stress, resilience, and coping among medical students and to study the effect of stress intervention programs on the stress level.

Materials And Methods: This was a nonrandomized control trial among 526 medical students which used medical student stress questionnaire, and perceive stress scale (PSS), resilience assessment using a 25-item resilience scale, and coping using a modified Pareekh scale.

Potential of subconjunctival aflibercept in treating choroidal neovascularization.

The study aimed to evaluate the intraocular pharmacokinetics and efficacy of aflibercept after subconjunctival injection in animal models for treating choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). New Zealand albino rabbits received aflibercept (2000 μg/50 μl) in one eye, and the other eye was used as control. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, the animals were sacrificed to dissect the ocular tissues, and serum was collected at 1hr, 3 h, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.

Injectable gel depot system for targeted delivery of biologics to the retina.

In current clinical settings, frequent intravitreal (IVT) injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors are used due to their short in-vivo half-life and rapid clearance from the back of the eye. The IVT injections are associated with pain, risk of infection, retinal detachment, and financial burden. Biologics molecules can undergo physical, chemical, and enzymatic degradation during formulation development and in the biological environment.

Antiallergic and antihistaminic actions of Ceasalpinia bonducella seeds: Possible role in treatment of asthma.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Seed kernel of the plant Ceasalpinia bonducella Linn (Caesalpiniacaeae) are used for the treatment of asthma in folk medicine and ancient books.

Aim Of Study: To assess the pharmacological efficacy of the plant in asthma and to confine and describe the synthetic constituents from the seeds that are in charge of the action.

Material And Methods: The viability of petroleum ether, ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of C.

Comparative evaluation of antidiabetic potential of partially purified bioactive fractions from four medicinal plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Background: , , and are medicinally important plants well known for their pharmacological activities.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the antidiabetic potential of partially purified bioactive fractions isolated from four targeted medicinal plants in diabetic rats.

Methods: Alloxan was administered (125 mg/kg, IP) in albino Wistar rats to produce diabetes.

Modulating release of ranibizumab and aflibercept from thiolated chitosan-based hydrogels for potential treatment of ocular neovascularization.

Background: This paper describes the synthesis of thiolated chitosan-based hydrogels with varying degrees of crosslinking that has been utilized to modulate release kinetics of two clinically relevant FDA-approved anti-VEGF protein drugs, ranibizumab and aflibercept. These hydrogels have been fabricated into disc shaped structures for potential use as patches on ocular surface.

Methods: Protein conformational changes and aggregation after loading and release was evaluated by circular dichroism (CD), steady-state tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC).

Crizotinib Fails to Enhance the Effect of Radiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenografts.

Aim: Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and is involved in tumor progression and associated with poor prognosis. MET can be inhibited by crizotinib, a potent ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor. We examined the effects of combining crizotinib and radiation in a pre-clinical HNSCC model.

Potential of the plant Thespesia populnea in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Context: Thespesia populnea Sol. ex Correa (Malvaceae), an indigenous tree species in India, is of interest to researchers because traditionally its heartwood is used in the treatment of ulcer and colic pain.

Objective: To validate its folk use in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC).

Amaranthus roxburghianus root extract in combination with piperine as a potential treatment of ulcerative colitis in mice.

Objective: The present work was undertaken to determine the effects of Amaranthus roxburghianus Nevski. (Amaranthaceae) root alone and in combination with piperine in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice.

Methods: Swiss albino mice were divided into seven groups (n = 6).

Antihistaminic and antiallergic actions of extracts of Solanum nigrum berries: possible role in the treatment of asthma.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Berries of the plant Solanum nigrum Linn (Solanaceae) are used for the treatment of asthma in folk medicine and ancient books.

Aim Of Study: To evaluate potential of the plant berries in the treatment of asthma.

Materials And Methods: Petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of S.

Antinociceptive activity of Sesbania sesban (Linn) wood extracts, a preliminary study.

The wood of the plant Sesbania sesban, is reported to have antinociceptive activity. To validate its folk use in the treatment of pain, wood was extracted successively with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water to produce respective extracts. The extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg, ip) were screened for antinociceptive activity using hot plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of β-sitosterol isolated from Nyctanthes arbortristis leaves.

Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn. (Oleaceae) is one of the well-known Indian medicinal plant. Various extracts of leaves of the plant were screened for analgesic activity by hot plate test and acetic acid-induced writhings and anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method at the dose of 50 mg/kg, i.

Association of Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion(I)/deletion (D) genotype in Alzheimer's disease patients of north Indian population.

Several lines of evidence support for the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Most human genetic studies have focussed on ACE insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism and have yielded conflicting results. We have evaluated the association of ACE polymorphism with serum ACE activity in 95 AD patients and 110 healthy controls from north Indian population.

Use of apigenin from Cordia dichotoma in the treatment of colitis.

Cordia dichotoma f. (Boraginaceae) is a small deciduous tree from India. The bark of was used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and colic pain traditionally hence present work was undertaken to identify the phytoconstituent responsible for this activity.

Antihistaminic effect of Bauhinia racemosa leaves.

Bauhinia racemosa Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae) leaves have been used in the treatment of asthma traditionally and we therefore undertook this study to scientifically validate its benefit in asthma using suitable animal models. Antihistaminic principles are known to be useful in the treatment of asthma; hence, in the present work, the antihistaminic activity of an ethanol extract of B.

Poliomyelitis vaccination status among children in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur 2007.

Introduction: Polio vaccination rates remain low in certain regions of Malaysia. The Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL) reported coverage of only 29.3% in 2005 and 61.

Use of Cordia dichotoma bark in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Context: The plant Cordia dichotoma Forst. f. (Boraginaceae) is commonly known as "Bhokar" in Marathi.

Potential of Vitex negundo roots in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in mice.

Context: Vitex negundo Linn. (Verbenaceae) is an indigenous tree species in India. This tree species has been of interest to researchers because traditionally its roots are reported in the treatment of ulcer and colic pain.