Figure Correction: Using Social Media to Help Understand Patient-Reported Health Outcomes of Post-COVID-19 Condition: Natural Language Processing Approach.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/45767.].

Pediatric RSV-Associated Hospitalizations Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology and burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations among children and adolescents in Canadian tertiary pediatric hospitals from 2017 to 2022, including changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study was conducted during 5 RSV seasons (2017-2018 to 2021-2022) at 13 pediatric tertiary care centers from the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT) program.

Using Social Media to Help Understand Patient-Reported Health Outcomes of Post-COVID-19 Condition: Natural Language Processing Approach.

Background: While scientific knowledge of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is growing, there remains significant uncertainty in the definition of the disease, its expected clinical course, and its impact on daily functioning. Social media platforms can generate valuable insights into patient-reported health outcomes as the content is produced at high resolution by patients and caregivers, representing experiences that may be unavailable to most clinicians.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the validity and effectiveness of advanced natural language processing approaches built to derive insight into PCC-related patient-reported health outcomes from social media platforms Twitter and Reddit.

The association of SARS-CoV-2 infection and tuberculosis disease with unfavorable treatment outcomes: A systematic review.

Background: Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection and its management influence tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes is uncertain. We synthesized evidence on the association of SARS-CoV-2 coinfection (Coinfection Review) and its management (Clinical Management Review) on treatment outcomes among people with tuberculosis (TB) disease.

Methods: We systematically searched the literature from 1 January 2020 to 6 February 2022.

Strategies to Prevent Early and Late-Onset Group B Infection via Interventions in Pregnancy.

Group B is a Gram-positive bacterium that typically colonizes 10-30% of pregnant women, causing chorioamnionitis, preterm birth, and stillbirth, as well as neonatal sepsis and meningitis with early-onset disease (EOD) or late-onset disease (LOD) due to ascending infection or transmission during delivery. While there are some differences between EOD and LOD in terms of route of transmission, risk factors, and serotypes, the only preventive approach currently is maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) which will not be able to fully address the burden of the disease since this has no impact on LOD. Probiotics and immunization in pregnancy may be more effective than IAP for both EOD and LOD.

The Impact of Mask Mandates on Face Mask Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Survey Study.

Background: Face mask use has been associated with declines in COVID-19 incidence rates worldwide. A handful of studies have examined the factors associated with face mask use in North America during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, much less is known about the patterns of face mask use and the impact of mask mandates during this time. This information could have important policy implications, now and in the event of future pandemics.

Immunogenicity and Safety of the COVID-19 Vaccines Compared With Control in Healthy Adults: A Qualitative and Systematic Review.

Objectives: Emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections and the resultant disease, COVID-19 led the world into 238 million cases and 4.8 million deaths over the first 22 months of the pandemic. While numerous vaccines have been developed to combat this pandemic, limited literature is available regarding the comparison of these vaccines.

Healthcare Costs for Pneumococcal Disease in the Era of Infant Immunization With 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: A Population-Based Study.

Objectives: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and a variety of clinical syndromes caused by pneumococci, such as acute otitis media (AOM), acute sinusitis (AS), and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), cause a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Few studies have explored the short-term financial burden of pneumococcal disease after the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction in the infant immunization programs. This population-based study evaluated changes in costs associated with healthcare utilization for pneumococcal disease after the PCV13 introduction in the infant immunization program in British Columbia, Canada.

A population-based analysis to determine the impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on community-acquired pneumonia in British Columbia, Canada.

Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. We determined the impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) use on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) rates eight years after the vaccine was introduced in the infant immunization program.

Methods: Using diagnostic codes from administrative databases, we calculated the overall and age-specific CAP incidence per month (2000-2018).

Impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on acute otitis media and acute sinusitis epidemiology in British Columbia, Canada.

Background: Numerous studies have characterized the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) programme's beneficial effects on acute otitis media (AOM) and acute sinusitis (AS) rates in children; however, few studies have examined the impact on adults.

Objectives: This retrospective cohort study evaluates the overall effect of the PCV13 immunization programme on the incidence of AOM and AS at the population level.

Methods: Health administrative databases were linked to assess outpatient visits, hospitalizations and antibiotic utilization from 2000 to 2018.

Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease after introduction of the 13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in British Columbia: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: A significant reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has been reported, across all ages, following the implementation of 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) globally, as part of infant immunization programs. We explored the additional impact of PCV13 on IPD over a 14-year period.

Methods: Using provincial laboratory surveillance and hospitalization data (N = 5791), we calculated the annual incidence of IPD following the implementation of PCV13 vaccine.

The protective effect of pneumococcal vaccination on cardiovascular disease in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that there is a link between pneumococcal infection and adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as myocardial infarction. Multiple studies have evaluated the protective effect of the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination (PPV23), but results have varied. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to summarize available evidence on the impact of PPV23 on cardiovascular disease.

Efficacy and Safety of the Pneumococcal Conjugate-13 Valent Vaccine in Adults.

Invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia cause substantial morbidity and mortality in the elderly. This review focuses on the immunogenicity, safety, efficacy and effectiveness data on the use of the 13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) in adults. A MEDLINE literature search was performed from January 1946 to December 2017.

Immunogenicity and safety of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide in immunocompetent adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the use of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in adults there is substantial morbidity and mortality in the elderly due to pneumococcal infections. Since 2010, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is in use for infant immunization programs to reduce rates of pneumococcal disease, but is not routinely used in adults. Recent literature suggests PCV13 may be used in adult vaccination programs as well.

Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: A notable reduction of the pneumococcal disease burden among adults was observed after the introduction of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in childhood immunization programs. In 2010, a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) replaced PCV7 in many jurisdictions; a comparative assessment of PCV13's impact was missing. Our objective was to summarize the available data and assess the change in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults after the introduction of PCV13 in childhood immunization programs.

The Role of Noncomparative Evidence in Health Technology Assessment Decisions.

Background: Many health technology assessment (HTA) agencies express a preference for randomized controlled trial evidence when appraising health technologies; nevertheless, it is not always feasible or ethical to conduct such comparative trials.

Objectives: To assess the role of noncomparative evidence in HTA decision making.

Methods: The Web sites of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom, the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) in Canada, and the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen [IQWiG]) in Germany were searched for single HTA reports (published between January 2010 and December 2015).