The Diagnostic Utility of PRAME in Primary Cutaneous Dedifferentiated and Transdifferentiated Melanomas.

Melanomas show a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features, which can impact treatment and prognosis. Dedifferentiated and transdifferentiated melanomas (DTM) are defined as melanomas which have lost conventional melanocytic morphologic and immunohistochemical features, showing sarcomatous morphology and/or immunohistochemical staining of other cell lineages, and as such, can be mistaken for other entities such as collision tumors and undifferentiated spindle cell tumors. In this series, we highlight the utility of preferentially expressed antigen in melanomas (PRAME) in diagnosing undifferentiated/dedifferentiated melanomas.

BAUSSS biomarker improves melanoma survival risk assessment.

Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) method of staging melanoma is dated and inaccurate. It ignores important prognostic melanoma features, especially the patient's age. BAUSSS is more accurate in determining survival risk for primary cutaneous melanoma patients who have no clinical or imaging evidence of nodal or distant metastases.

A severe case of swimmer's itch in Victoria, Australia with bullous eruption.

We describe a severe case of swimmer's itch in Victoria with widespread bullous eruption, which is a rare manifestation of this condition and presented a diagnostic challenge. This is the first case reported in Victoria, having been previously reported in more northern parts of Australia; with climate change trends, swimmer's itch is likely to become increasingly common in southern parts of the region.

Primary Cutaneous Melanoma-Management in 2024.

: Maximizing survival for patients with primary cutaneous melanomas (melanomas) depends on an early diagnosis and appropriate management. Several new drugs have been shown to improve survival in high-risk melanoma patients. Despite well-documented guidelines, many patients do not receive optimal management, particularly when considering patient age.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is unreliable in predicting melanoma mortality for both younger and older patients.

Background: Melanoma disease patterns vary with patient age.

Aim: To evaluate sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in managing melanoma at differing patient ages.

Methods: Online prediction tools were applied to compare SLNB positivity (SLNB) and survival risk at patient ages 20-80.

Case Report: Treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda with low dose hydroxychloroquine.

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a complex metabolic disease resulting from altered activity of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) in the liver resulting in accumulation of uroporphyrin. PCT presents as a blistering photodermatitis with skin fragility, vesicles, scarring and milia. We report a case of PCT in a 67-year-old man with hemochromatosis (HFE) gene mutation who, following a major syncopal episode in response to venesection was commenced on low dose hydroxychloroquine.

Online prediction tools for melanoma survival: A comparison.

Background: Breslow thickness, patient age and ulceration are the three most valuable clinical and pathological predictors of melanoma survival. A readily available reliable online tool that accurately considers these and other predictors could be valuable for clinicians managing melanoma patients.

Objective: To compare online melanoma survival prediction tools that request user input on clinical and pathological features.

Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Pseudoepithelial Hyperplasia Secondary to Red Ink Tattoo: A Case Series and Review.

The increasing popularity of tattooing has paralleled an increase in associated cutaneous reactions. Red ink is notorious for eliciting cutaneous reactions. A common reaction is pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), which is a benign condition closely simulating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Fixed drug eruptions - the common and novel culprits since 2000.

A fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a common cutaneous adverse drug reaction which occurs following administration of an offending drug. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the list of drugs causing FDE, with a focus on emerging drug culprits reported since the start of the century. Across published literature, triggers for FDE are widely varied.

Keratoacanthoma: Update on the Debate.

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a cutaneous tumor with a biphasic pattern of growth. A rapidly growing phase is usually followed by involution. KA occurs on sun-damaged skin.

Merkel cell carcinoma update: the case for two tumours.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive tumour with neuroendocrine differentiation. Clinically significant differences within the entity we know as MCC are apparent. This review aims to evaluate the evidence for differences in tumours within Merkel cell carcinoma and to stratify these.

Cutaneous melanoma: Latest developments.

Background: Several new medications have shown improved survival rates in high-risk patients with melanoma.

Objective: The aim of this article is to discuss the new medications and outline their roles, the expected benefit from each and the risk of adverse events. We explain the place of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration (US-FNA) in assessing and treating patients with melanoma.

Management of invasive melanoma.

Background: Maximising survival for patients with invasive melanoma hinges on early diagnosis of primary melanoma and appropriate management. Despite well-documented guidelines, many patients with melanoma have not been managed ideally.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to identify suboptimal aspects of melanoma management.

The Potential Role for Smartphones Among Older Adults with Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: To determine the role that smartphones may play in supporting older adults with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) in order to improve pain management in this expanding population.

Design: Qualitative study.

Setting: One academically affiliated primary care practice serving older adults with CNCP in New York City.