Depot-specific expression of lipolytic genes in human adipose tissues--association among CES1 expression, triglyceride lipase activity and adiposity.

Aim: Adipocyte lipolysis is mediated by a family of triglyceride (TG) lipases consisting of hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE), adipose triglyceride lipase (PNPLA2) and carboxylesterase 1 (CES1); however, little is known about the relationship between the expression of each gene in different depots and TG lipase activity or obesity.

Method: We measured both mRNA expression levels of the lipolytic enzymes (LIPE, PNPLA2 and CES1) and TG lipase activities of biopsy samples obtained from subcutaneous, omental and mesenteric adipose tissues of 34 patients who underwent abdominal surgery. The results were correlated with clinical parameters: adiposity measures, parameters for insulin resistance and plasma lipid levels.

Hepatic insulin sensitivity assessed by integrated model of hepatic and peripheral glucose regulation.

Background: The integrated model of hepatic and peripheral glucose metabolism incorporates a model for liver glucose metabolism into the two-compartment minimal model framework to describe endogenous glucose kinetics during a labeled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). This model also provides a parametric description of endogenous glucose production (EGP). The present study extended the theoretical potential of the model by defining hepatic glucose effectiveness (hS(G)(2)) as the ability of glucose per se to inhibit EGP and hepatic insulin sensitivity (hS(1)(2)) as the ability of insulin to enhance glucose suppression of EGP.

A single bout of exercise at higher intensity enhances glucose effectiveness in sedentary men.

Objective: Previous studies have shown that glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity are acutely enhanced by exercise at various intensities. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a single bout of exercise at intensities recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) on glucose uptake-specific glucose effectiveness (S(G)(2)*) and insulin sensitivity (S(I)(2)*). S(G)(2)* and S(I)(2)* were estimated by a two-compartment minimal model.