Co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent with chicken manure and crude glycerol: biochemical methane potential by monod kinetics.

In Thailand, the palm oil industry produces a huge amount of palm oil mill effluent (POME), mostly used for electricity generation through biogas production. Co-digestion with other waste can further improve biogas yield and solve waste management problems. Most previous studies relied on biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay or batch co-digestion to obtain the optimal mixing ratio, ignoring the kinetic part or treat it for sole discussion of the results.

Effect of air velocity, temperature, and relative humidity on drying kinetics of rubberwood.

Kiln drying of rubberwood lumbers is a complex transport phenomenon for realistic modeling and simulation. To decouple this complexity, researchers usually divide their research into two parts. The first one is single-lumber drying kinetics to describe how wood lumber responds to its surface conditions.

Biochar production from palm oil mill residues and application of the biochar to adsorb carbon dioxide.

The amount of palm oil mill residues increases rapidly and will become a severe problem in the future. One potential technique for alleviating this concerning environmental problem is to convert these residues into biochar by the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis of three types of palm oil mill residues (namely, palm kernel shells, empty palm fruit bunches, and oil palm fibers) was conducted in a fixed bed reactor at 500 °C and 2 L/min of nitrogen flow rate for 60 min.