Low-Temperature Operating Black SnO-Based VOC Sensor Setup.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful to human beings and animals. VOCs include a carbon compound and its derivatives. VOCs irritate the eyes, ears, and throat, ahigh concentration of VOCs may cause cancer; also, it affects the central nervous system.

Ultra-sensitive detection of bacterial toxin with silicon nanowire transistor.

Nanowire field effect transistors (nano-FET) were lithographically fabricated using 50 nm doped polysilicon nanowires attached to two small gold terminals separated from each other by a approximately 150 nm gap to serve as the basis for electronic detection of bacteria toxins. The device characterizations, semiconducting properties and use in a robust and sensitive bio-molecular detection sensor of bacterial toxins were reported in this work. The device characteristics were demonstrated with varying gate and drain voltages.

Non-enzymatic aqueous peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence immune detection using a CCD camera and a CMOS device.

A new method for non-enzymatic aqueous peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (POCL) biomolecular detection using imaging chip-based devices has been developed. A water-soluble amide of oxalic acid was synthesized and used in the investigation and characterization of POCL immunodetection in an aqueous environment. Six fluorescent dyes commonly used in biological detection were tested, and the intensity of light generated from the aqueous POCL reactions was characterized in the liquid phase.

A novel homogeneous bioluminescence resonance energy transfer element for biomolecular detection with CCD camera or CMOS device.

A novel optical signal element based on homogeneous bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) was developed for biomolecular detection. A fluorescent dye and alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugate was used as a reporter and light-generation element for imaging detection platforms that use a CCD camera or CMOS chip-based devices. In the presence of a luminescence substrate, the energy from the first light emission of a bioluminescence enzymatic reaction was transferred to fluorescent dyes which were conjugated to an enzyme.

Nanowire-transistor based ultra-sensitive DNA methylation detection.

Accurate detection of DNA methylation at specific gene transcription sites is important to identify potential tumor formation since this epigenetic alteration may result in silencing of tumor suppressor genes that protect against tumor formation or that repair damaged DNA. Current technologies used in DNA methylation detection are complicated and time consuming. This work presents the first nanowire field effect transistor (FET) based biosensor technology which achieves simple and ultra-sensitive electronic DNA methylation detection and avoids complicated bisulfite treatment and PCR amplification.

On-chip micro-biosensor for the detection of human CD4(+) cells based on AC impedance and optical analysis.

The current study was undertaken to fabricate a small micro-electrode on-chip to rapidly detect and quantify human CD4(+) cells in a minimal volume of blood through impedance measurements made with simple electronics that could be battery operated implemented in a hand held device. The micro-electrode surface was non-covalently modified sequentially by incubation with solutions of protein G', human albumin, monoclonal mouse anti-human CD4, and mouse IgG. The anti-human CD4 antibody served as the recognition and capture molecule for CD4(+) cells present in human blood.