Using umbilical cord tissue to identify prenatal ethanol exposure and co-exposure to other commonly misused substances.

Objective: Substance misuse during pregnancy can result in a variety of poor pregnancy outcomes. Objective data reporting the prevalence of neonates born with ethanol metabolites (evidence of prenatal ethanol exposure) in their fluids or tissues are limited.

Study Design: A secondary analysis of umbilical cord tissue specimens received for routine toxicological analysis was conducted.

Chemistry of the Bis(imine)-Based Tetradentate Ligand Stabilized Group 14 E(II) Cations (E=Ge and Sn).

The ambiphilic Ge(II) and Sn(II) cationic species have been reported to be isolated through kinetic or thermodynamic stabilizations. Nonetheless, steric congestion or excessive coordination of donor atoms to the cationic center concurrently disfavors its prompt reactivity. Our research in this field revolves around the utilization of structurally non-rigid bis(imine) based tetradentate supporting ligands for the stabilization of Ge(II) and Sn(II) cationic species.