A review on vitamin A deficiency and depleted immunity in South Asia: From deficiency to resilience.

In the developing world, the twin challenges of depleted health and growing issue of food waste management loom large, demanding simultaneous attention and innovative solutions. This review explores how these issues can be effectively mitigated while shedding light on the transformative impact of food waste valorization on health management. A spotlight is cast on vitamin A deficiency (VAD), an acute public health concern, especially prevalent in South Asia, driven by economic constraints, sociocultural factors, inadequate diets, and poor nutrient absorption.

Elevated temperature extraction of β-carotene from freeze-dried carrot powder into sunflower oil: Extraction kinetics and thermal stability.

β-Carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, can alleviate the deficiency of this vitamin prevalent worldwide. Earlier research studies have addressed the extraction of β-carotene at relatively low temperatures (up to 70°C) due to its perceived instability at higher temperatures, as a result of which extraction rates recorded are relatively low. This study models the net rate of β-carotene extraction by considering both extraction and degradation kinetics.

Prognostic evaluation of tumour budding in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Evidenced by CD44 expression as a cancer stem cell marker.

Objectives: Tumor budding is a sign of invasion and early step for metastasis of many cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Evidences suggest the presence of cancer stem cells in tumor buds. CD44 has been reported in tumor growth and metastasis as a cancer stem cell marker in OSCC.

An Explainable AI driven Decision Support System for COVID-19 Diagnosis using Fused Classification and Segmentation.

The coronavirus has caused havoc on billions of people worldwide. The Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR) test is widely accepted as a standard diagnostic tool for detecting infection, however, the severity of infection can't be measured accurately with RT-PCR results. Chest CT Scans of infected patients can manifest the presence of lesions with high sensitivity.

Provider Response to a Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment and Prophylaxis Ordering Tool: Observational Study.

Objectives: Our health system launched an initiative to regulate venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment and prophylaxis with electronically embedded risk assessment models based on validated clinical prediction rules. Prior to system-wide implementation, usability testing was conducted on the VTE clinical decision support system (CDSS) to assess provider perceptions, facilitate adoption, and usage of the tool. The objective of this study was to conduct usability testing with end users on the CDSS' risk assessment model and prophylaxis ordering components.

An insight into the mechanisms underpinning the anti-browning effect of Codium tomentosum on fresh-cut apples.

This work focuses on understanding the action of a novel seaweed extract with anti-browning functionality in fresh-cut apples. Organic fresh-cut apples were coated by immersion in an aqueous Codium tomentosum seaweed extract (0.5 % w/v), packaged under ambient atmospheric conditions in plastic bags, and stored at 4 ˚C for 15 days.

Physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant properties and bacterial profiling of three Malaysian honey varieties: a study using multivariate analysis.

Background: The physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant properties, and bacterial profiles of Heterotrigona itama, Apis dorsata, and Apis mellifera honey of Malaysian origin were studied and the results were assessed using Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).

Results: The analysis showed that the Mellifera honey was characterized by high total sugar content (717.5 g kg ); the Itama honey was characterized by high free acidity (347.

Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity, Mode of Action and Volatile Compounds of Essential Oil.

(Pierre ex Gagnep.) R.M.

Antimicrobial biodegradable chitosan-based composite Nano-layers for food packaging.

Stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of size 80 ± 11 nm produced by chitosan (CH) mediated green synthesis were blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form electrospun fibrous composite nano-layers (FCNLs). The chitosan acted as the stabilising as well as an antimicrobial agent in combination with the AgNPs which were characterised using UV-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity and chemical nature of the electrospun composite was characterised by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively, and its hydrophobicity was characterised by measuring the water contact angle.

Oxidative properties of Moringa oleifera kernel oil from different extraction methods during storage.

Background: Moringa oleifera (MO) kernel oil is categorized as a high-oleic oil that resembles olive oil. However, unlike olive trees, MO trees are largely present in most subtropical and tropical countries. In these countries, therefore, the benefits of oleic acid can be obtained at a cheaper price through the consumption of MO kernel oil.

Case report of a rare glandular odontogenic cyst in a child: A diagnostic dilemma.

This paper reports a case of glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) in a 12-year-old male patient. GOC is a rare entity occurring in the jaw bones. Known for its aggressive behavior and nonspecific clinical features, it may mimic other clinicopathological lesions such as botryoid odontogenic cyst and central mucoepidermoid tumor making the diagnosis challenging.

Immunolocalization of c-Jun in normal mucosa, oral submucous fibrosis, epithelial dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative study.

Background And Objective: c-Jun an activator protein-1 transcription factor component is activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli. Overexpression of c-Jun has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer including oral cancer. The aim of this study was to correlate the expression of c-Jun in the normal buccal mucosa (NM), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), severe epithelial dysplasia (ED), and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC).

Assessment of Proliferative Index Between the Tumor Margin, Center of Tumor, and the Invasive Tumor Front of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma With the Help of Mcm-2: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Aim: The knowledge of cellular proteins that involves cell cycle and its control system is essential for understanding tumor biology. Minichromosome maintenance protein (Mcm-2), a component of prereplicative complex, essential for initiating DNA replication, is deregulated in different malignant lesions, and is expressed throughout the whole cell cycle including the G0 and G1 phases. This characteristic cell cycle event is not found in other proliferative markers such as geminin, AgNOR, Ki-67, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

Supplementation of the Diet by Exogenous Myrosinase via Mustard Seeds to Increase the Bioavailability of Sulforaphane in Healthy Human Subjects after the Consumption of Cooked Broccoli.

Scope: Broccoli contains glucosinolate glucoraphanin, which, in the presence of myrosinase, can hydrolyze to isothiocyanate sulforaphane, reported to have anticarcinogenic activity. However, the myrosinase enzyme is denatured on cooking. Addition of an active source of myrosinase, such as from powdered mustard seed, to cooked Brassica vegetables can increase the release of health beneficial isothiocyanates; however, this has not previously been proven in vivo.

Prognostic impact of tumor-stroma ratio in oral squamous cell carcinoma - A pilot study.

Background: Several prognostic indicators have been used for many decades in an attempt to predict clinical behaviour of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The prognostic value of TSR is yet to be explored in OSCC. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of TSR in OSCC patients.

MCM-2 expression differentiates potentially malignant verrucous lesions from oral carcinomas.

Background: Mcm-2 is a biomarker belonging to Mcm family of proteins which has rarely been used in oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the verrucous type. The objective of this study is to assess the expression of Mcm-2 in Normal Oral Mucosa (NM), Verrucous Hyperplasia (VH), Verrucous Carcinoma (VC) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and compare it with the clinicopathological characteristics.

Methodology: A total of 70 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples (10 cases of Normal Mucosa NM- Group A, 10 cases of Verrucous Hyperplasia- VH without Dysplasia- Group B, 10 cases of Verrucous Hyperplasia- VH with Dysplasia- Group C, 20 cases of Verrucous Carcinoma VC-Group D, 20 cases of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma OSCC- Group E) were subjected to immunohistochemistry with Mcm-2 antibody.

The production of hydrolysates from industrially defatted rice bran and its surface image changes during extraction.

Background: This research employed a mild subcritical alkaline water (mild-SAW) extraction technique to overcome the difficulty of active compound extractability from industrially defatted rice bran (IDRB). Mild-SAW (pH 9.5, 130 °C, 120 min) treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis (Protease G6) was applied to produce rice bran hydrolysate (RBH).

Histochemical analysis of collagen reorganization at the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinoma tumors.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to: (a) analyze the nature of collagen with respect to cohesive and discohesive invasive tumor front (ITF) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); (b) analyze the clinicopathological correlation with the nature of collagen at the ITF of OSCC; and (c) correlate the nature of collagen with Broder's and Bryne's histological grading system of OSCC.

Methods: Tissue sections of 29 OSCC with ITF were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red staining for evaluation under a polarized microscope.

Results: Tumors with a cohesive front had a thick collagen fiber, are predominantly organized, red-yellow in color, well packed, and show strong birefringence (P<.

Effect of Enzyme Pre-treatments on Bioactive Compounds in Extracted Tiger Nut Oil and Sugars in Residual Meals.

Tiger nut oil is a novel oil that requires more research data on its characteristics. In this study, the oil was extracted using both enzyme-aided pressing (EAP) and aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) methods. Using enzymes as a pre-treatment prior to mechanical pressing increased the concentration of some phenolic acids and tocopherols present in extracted oils compared to controls.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclin B1 in Epithelial Hyperplasia, Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas - A Comparative Study.

Introduction: Cyclin B1 is important in the cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase. Cyclin B1 binds to CDC2, which then becomes dephosphorylated and gets relocated to the nucleus, ensuring the transition toward mitosis.

Aim: Over expression of Cyclin B1, has been reported more recently in breast, colon, prostate, oral and esophageal carcinomas.

An assessment of lactobiopolymer-montmorillonite composites for dip coating applications on fresh strawberries.

Background: The use of biopolymer coatings appears as a good alternative to preserve highly perishable fruits, as well as the environment. Proteins generally produce films with good mechanical properties, although their highly hydrophilic nature limits the use in many applications. Nanoparticles, such as nanoclays, can play a critical role in improving barrier properties.

Aqueous enzymatic extraction of Moringa oleifera oil.

This paper reports on the extraction of Moringa oleifera (MO) oil by using aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) method. The effect of different process parameters on the oil recovery was discovered by using statistical optimization, besides the effect of selected parameters on the formation of its oil-in-water cream emulsions. Within the pre-determined ranges, the use of pH 4.

Cell cycle aberration in ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: As evidenced by the expression of p53 and survivin.

Context: p53 and survivin are involved in cell cycle progression and inhibition of apoptosis, respectively. Survivin is a unique protein which functions in progression of cell division and inhibits apoptosis leading to cell proliferation and cell survival. According to the literature, mutation of p53 leads to promotion of survivin function.

Enhancing the recovery of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) oil by mechanical pressing: Moisture content, particle size, high pressure and enzymatic pre-treatment effects.

Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) tuber contains oil that is high in monounsaturated fatty acids, and this oil makes up about 23% of the tuber. The study aimed at evaluating the impact of several factors and enzymatic pre-treatment on the recovery of pressed tiger nut oil. Smaller particles were more favourable for pressing.