Perceptual visual dysfunction in children - An Indian perspective.

Perceptual visual dysfunction (PVD) comprises a group of vision disorders resulting from dysfunction of the posterior parietal and/or temporal lobes. Often, affected children have normal/near normal visual acuities and/or visual fields, but have difficulties in activities of daily living involving the use of vision. PVDs are known to be common among children with risk factors such as a history of prematurity and/or neurodevelopmental disorders.

Using street plays as a populist way to spread eye health awareness: An experience.

Street plays are a popular traditional medium of communication and entertainment in India. The objective of this paper is to communicate our experience about using street plays to raise awareness about children's eye health in a South Indian setting. Based on our experience of the prevailing misconceptions about children's eye health in our community, we selected some topics and prepared a blueprint of the scripts.

Management of Intra-orbital Wooden Foreign Bodies at a Resource-limited Setting in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction: Wooden intra-orbital foreign bodies (IOrbFBs) have a high risk of microbial contamination needing timely diagnosis and treatment. We describe management of three cases of wooden IOrbFB at a resource-limited setting in Liberia.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective case series of three patients with IOrbFB managed at the Liberia Eye Center, Monrovia, Liberia.

An 8-month-old Baby Girl with Slight Drooping of Left Upper Eyelid.

An 8-month-old baby girl, who accompanied her sister with an eye problem, was incidentally noticed to have smaller left eye compared to the right. The mother said that it had been present for 2 months. The child showed no detectable focal neurological deficits.

Causes of vision impairment and blindness among children in schools for the blind in South Indian States of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

Purpose: To study the causes of severe vision impairment (SVI) and blindness among children in Andhra Pradesh (AP) and Telangana State (TS) in South India.

Methods: A total of 299 children from 10 schools for the blind were examined between January and December 2017. The schools were chosen from 3 districts of AP (Guntur, Krishna and West Godavari) and 2 districts of TS (Adilabad and Mahabubnagar).

Simultanagnosia as a cause of visual disturbance following Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): A case report.

Simultanagnosia resulting from dorsal stream dysfunction is an under recognized condition. In this case report we describe the case of a young woman who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), and who recovered visual acuities of 20/20 in each eye, along with normal visual fields and contrast sensitivities, yet experienced persistent symptoms of perceptual dysfunction. Detailed and systematic history taking revealed consistent visual difficulties typical of dorsal stream dysfunction.

Cerebral visual impairment is a major cause of profound visual impairment in children aged less than 3 years: A study from tertiary eye care center in South India.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate causes for profound visual impairment in children ≤3 years of age at a tertiary eye care center in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for all the children (≤3 years) who attended the pediatric ophthalmology service between January 2012 and February 2017.

Results: A total of 428 severely visually impaired children aged ≤3 years were seen during the study period: 264 (62%) of them were boys and I64 (38%) were girls.

Understanding low functioning cerebral visual impairment: An Indian context.

For several reasons, cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is emerging as a major cause of visual impairment among children in the developing world and we are seeing an increasing number of such children in our clinics. Owing to lack of early training about CVI and it being a habilitation orientated subject, we need to become equipped to optimally help the affected children. In this paper we have explained our pragmatic approach in addressing children who present with low functioning CVI.

Prevalence of ophthalmic disorders among hearing-impaired school children in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for visual impairment (VI) among children of school for hearing-impaired (HI) in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Methods: Children between 6 and 16 years of age available in all the 12 special schools for HI were examined. Visual acuity (VA) testing, ocular motility, and examination of anterior and posterior segment for all children were done.

Consecutive cyclic esotropia - A case report.

Cyclic esotropia, a rare condition of obscure etiology characterized by regularly alternating periods of esotropia and orthophoria. We present a case of a 7-year-old boy who underwent surgical correction for intermittent exotropia elsewhere and developed esotropia with cyclic pattern post-operatively. Initially the cycle was of half-day orthophoria and half-day esotropia, which later became one full day of esotropia and one day of orthophoria.

Agreement and diagnostic accuracy of vision screening in children by teachers, community eye-health workers and vision technicians.

Background: To compare the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of vision screening conducted by trained community eye-health workers (CEHWs) and teachers with reference to vision technicians in Movva Mandal (sub-district) in Krishna District in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

Methods: As part of a large epidemiological study on visual impairment in children, vision screening was conducted in all the schools in a sub-district. The children were screened using a screening card with 6/12 tumbling E optotypes by trained CEHWs, teachers and a vision technician.

Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Strabismus: A Modification of the Adult Strabismus-20 (AS-20) Questionnaire Using Rasch Analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Adult Strabismus-20 (AS-20)- a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire in adults with strabismus, and if flawed, to revise the AS-20 and its subscales creating valid measurement scales.

Methods: 584 adults (meanage, 27.5 years) with strabismus were recruited from an outpatient clinic at a South Indian tertiary eye care centre and were administered the AS-20 questionnaire.

Rotational autokeratoplasty in pediatric patients for nonprogressive paracentral corneal scars.

Objective: To report the outcomes of ipsilateral rotational autokeratoplasty (RAK) for nonprogressive paracentral corneal opacities in children <16 years of age.

Design: Retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series.

Participants: Thirty-three eyes of 33 children aged <16 years undergoing RAK for nonprogressive paracentral scars.

Opacification of intraocular lenses implanted during infancy: a clinicopathologic study of 4 explanted intraocular lenses.

Objective: To report the clinicopathologic features of 4 opacified, single-piece, hydrophilic, acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) explanted from children who had undergone IOL implantation during infancy.

Design: Observational case series.

Participants: Four IOLs explanted from 4 eyes of 3 children for visually significant opacification were included in the study.