Mutations in tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 suppress top-2 induced chromosome segregation defects during Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis.

Meiosis reduces ploidy through two rounds of chromosome segregation preceded by one round of DNA replication. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes segregate, while in meiosis II, sister chromatids separate from each other. Topoisomerase II (Topo II) is a conserved enzyme that alters DNA structure by introducing transient double-strand breaks.

Characterization of N- and C-terminal endogenously tagged Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDPT-1) strains.

We have generated Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDPT-1) strains where CRISPR/Cas9 was used to endogenously tag the protein at either the C- or N-terminus and validated the functionality of the resulting tagged TDPT-1 proteins. We have found that both the N-terminally tagged ( and C-terminally tagged ( ) worm TDPT-1 does not affect embryonic viability compared to wild type. Using the N-terminally tagged strain we show, for the first time, that TDPT-1 is expressed in nuclei of the germ line and the soma.

Identification of Suppressors of Embryonic Lethality in .

Topoisomerase II is an enzyme with important roles in chromosome biology. This enzyme relieves supercoiling and DNA and RNA entanglements generated during mitosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that Topoisomerase II is also involved in the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division.

Transcriptional Analyses of Innate and Acquired Immune Patterning Elicited by Marek's Disease Virus Vaccine Strains: Turkey Herpesvirus (HVT), Marek's Disease Virus 2 (strain SB1), and Bivalent Vaccines (HVT/SB1 and HVT-LT/SB1).

Marek's disease (MD) is a complex pathology of chickens caused by MD virus (MDV) 1 and is observed as paralysis, immune suppression, neurologic signs, and the rapid formation of T-cell lymphomas. The incidence of MD in commercial broilers is largely controlled via vaccination, either or at hatch with live attenuated vaccines, i.e.

A Common Live-Attenuated Avian Herpesvirus Vaccine Expresses a Very Potent Oncogene.

Vaccines play a crucial role in the protection of animals and humans from deadly pathogens. The first vaccine that also protected against cancer was developed against the highly oncogenic herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV). MDV infects chickens and causes severe immunosuppression, neurological signs, and fatal lymphomas, a process that requires the viral oncogene, The most frequently used Marek's disease vaccine is the live-attenuated CVI988/Rispens (CVI) strain, which efficiently protects chickens and prevents tumorigenesis.