One advantageous reflection of iron metabolism in context of normal physiology and pathological phases.

Purpose (background): The presented review is an updating of Iron metabolism in context of normal physiology and pathological phases. Iron is one of the vital elements in humans and associated into proteins as a component of heme (e.g.

Peroneal Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Surgery for Non-union of Tibia: A Case Report with Review of Literature.

Introduction: Arterial pseudoaneurysm is a hematoma that is formed after damage to the arterial wall. We report a rare case of peroneal artery pseudoaneurysm after open reduction and internal fixation with interlocking nailing and partial fibulectomy for non-union for the right tibia in a 31-year-old male. The patient presented with a bleeding sinus over the leg swelling, and it was managed with an exploration of the pseudoaneurysm and ligation of the peroneal artery.

Clinicopathological profile of breast cancer from Chhattisgarh India: A single-center hospital-based study.

Background: Global breast cancer incidence is increasing at an annual rate of 3·1%. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.

Knowledge, Awareness, and Understanding of Pediatric Triage Among Nursing Officers in India: A Multicenter Study.

Introduction:  Triage is crucial in patient screening within emergency departments (EDs) worldwide. It is one of the essential and standard medical practices in many developed countries. However, in India, there is a need for improvement in triage utilization, as it is predominantly performed by resident doctors or medical officers, leading to an uneven distribution of clinical skills among healthcare providers (HCPs).

Usual breast lump with unusual features.

The co-existence of granulomatous mastitis and collagenous spherulosis in a breast lump is an uncommon finding. The awareness of cytomorphological features can help corroborate a cytological diagnosis. A palpable breast lump in an elderly female warrants urgent attention and fine needle aspiration is a rapid, reliable method of evaluation.

Knowledge, Concerns, and Psychological Distress Among Caregivers of Patients Seeking Emergency Medical Care for Non-COVID-19-Related Illness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction During the active phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global healthcare system failed to meet the increased demand for healthcare resources, infrastructures, and facilities. The brunt of the healthcare crisis was faced not only by COVID-19 victims; a large majority of non-COVID patients were deprived of routine and emergency care. Factors that possibly affected resource utilization, healthcare-seeking behavior, service delivery patterns, and national health systems' priority during the pandemic were the knowledge and attitudinal concerns related to the COVID-19 disease and its control measures.

The Assessment of the Spectrum of Preventive Measures Taken by Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Survey-Based Study.

Introduction: The first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created havoc and confusion in choosing appropriate treatment, as well as prophylaxis, due to its rapid surge, disease novelty, and lack of evidence-based literature. It was even more concerning among the healthcare workers (HCWs), who had to take care of patients, themselves, and their own families.

Objective: This online survey-based study targeted finding the various options for COVID-19 precautionary or prophylactic measures opted for by HCWs.

J receptor activity in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension and its expected change in the presence of pulmonary bed vasodilators.

Juxtapulmonary receptors (J) lying in the lung parenchyma are stimulated naturally by any condition that produces interstitial oedema, transient increases in interstitial volume and pressure or raised pulmonary capillary pressure. There is no information available about the level of their stimulation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPH) who have high levels of pulmonary artery systolic pressures. The aim of the present study therefore was to find the level of these receptors activity in these patients at their prevailing pulmonary artery systolic pressures.

Discharging loin sinus: Unusual manifestation of ruptured horseshoe kidney.

We present a 20-year-old man with a chronic discharging sinus in the left loin arising from a horseshoe kidney with a large pelvicalyceal calculus on its left side. The left moiety was non-functional, so a left hemi-nephrectomy, together with excision of the whole fistula tract, was carried out. Histopathology was suggestive of chronic interstitial nephritis.

Altered lipid metabolism in post-traumatic epileptic rat model: one proposed pathway.

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a common long-term risk associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). PTE rat model, proposed by Willmore et al., is a well known model that mimics human PTE.

Metabolic fingerprinting of joint tissue of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat: In vitro, high resolution NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy based analysis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease whose major characteristics persistent joint inflammation that results in joint destruction and failure of the function. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat is an autoimmune disease model and in many ways shares features with RA. The CIA is associated with systemic manifestations, including alterations in the metabolism.

Abnormal lipid metabolism in a rat model of arthritis: one possible pathway.

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) animal model is associated with systemic manifestations, including alteration of lipid metabolism. In the present study, one possible pathway of altered lipid metabolism is proposed. Specimens of joint tissue and plasma were collected from the CIA and control rats, and quantitative analysis of lipid components was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy technique.

Perturbation of muscle metabolism in patients with muscular dystrophy in early or acute phase of disease: In vitro, high resolution NMR spectroscopy based analysis.

Background: Muscular dystrophy is an inherited muscle disease, characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness of variable distribution and severity.

Methods: In vitro, high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy based analysis was performed on perchloric acid (PCA) extract of muscle specimens of patients suffering from various types of muscular dystrophies to identify alteration in hydrophilic low-molecular weight substances (aqueous metabolites) as compared to muscle of control subjects as well as in between the types of muscular dystrophy. Muscle tissue specimens were obtained from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) [n=11], Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) [n=12], facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) [n=9] and limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD)-2B [n=22].

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H NMR) Spectroscopy-Based Analysis of Lipid Components in Serum/Plasma of Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H NMR) is a useful tool for the analysis of lipid components in biofluids such as serum/plasma. Such tool is applied for the analysis of lipid components in serum/plasma of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The practical approach of sampling, storage, lipid extraction procedure, sample preparation before performing the H NMR spectroscopy experiments is presented.

Abnormal lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle tissue of patients with muscular dystrophy: In vitro, high-resolution NMR spectroscopy based observation in early phase of the disease.

Purpose: Qualitative (assignment of lipid components) and quantitative (quantification of lipid components) analysis of lipid components were performed in skeletal muscle tissue of patients with muscular dystrophy in early phase of the disease as compared to control/normal subjects.

Methods: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy based experiment was performed on the lipid extract of skeletal muscle tissue of patients with muscular dystrophy in early phase of the disease and normal individuals for the analysis of lipid components [triglycerides, phospholipids, total cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic, linolenic and linoleic acid)]. Specimens of muscle tissue were obtained from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) [n=11; Age, Mean±SD; 9.

Our technique of midsagittal splitting laminoplasty for compressive cervical myelopathy and its short-term results.

Objective: The aim of this study was to discuss the technique of midsagittal splitting laminoplasty and to compare its short-term follow-up results with laminectomy in cases of compressive cervical spinal cord myelopathy.

Materials And Methods: Exclusion criteria were as follows: Intramedullary compressive lesions, kyphotic cervical spine, previous spinal surgeries, and defective anterior vertebral column. Twenty patients (10 each of laminoplasty and laminectomy groups) were prospectively studied from 2005 to 2008.

Metabolic status of patients with muscular dystrophy in early phase of the disease: In vitro, high resolution NMR spectroscopy based metabolomics analysis of serum.

Aims: Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based metabolomics analysis is extensively used to explore the metabolic profiling of biofluids. This approach was used for the analysis of metabolites in serum of patients with major types of muscular dystrophy in early phase of the disease.

Material And Methods: Proton NMR spectroscopy based qualitative (assignment of metabolites) and quantitative (quantification of metabolites) analysis of metabolites in native serum of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) [n=88; n represent the number], Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) [n=40], facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) [n=22], limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD)-2B [n=35] and myotonic dystrophy (DM) [n=21] as compared to normal subjects [n=50] were performed.

Alteration of phospholipids in the blood of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): in vitro, high resolution P NMR-based study.

In vitro, high-resolution P NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy-based analysis of phospholipids in serum is well recognized in leukemia, lymphoma, non-hematological cancers and renal cell carcinoma. In context of these studies, phospholipids were analyzed in blood of thirty-two (n = 32) patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (Age, Mean ± SD; 8.0 ± 1.

Abnormal lipid metabolism in collagen-induced arthritis rat model: in vitro, high resolution NMR spectroscopy based analysis.

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in female Wistar rats by intradermal injection of porcine immunization grade native collagen type II (Chondrex). Development and progression of CIA was monitored by studying histopathological, radiographical and biochemical features of arthritic manifestations in the knee joints, hind limb and blood plasma. In addition, oxidative stress status of arthritic animals was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.

Dyspnea in Eisenmenger syndrome and its amelioration by sildenafil: role of J receptors.

Background: In Eisenmenger syndrome (ES), oral phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, which are preferential pulmonary vasodilators, reduce the elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index by increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). However, no information is available as to how pulmonary vasodilatation alleviates the accompanying dyspnoea and improves patient's exercising ability.

Objectives: As the natural stimulus of juxtapulmonary capillary (J) receptors is an increase in interstitial pressure, the aim was to estimate their threshold level stimulation chemically by intravenous lobeline, before and after 6 weeks of sildenafil therapy in treatment-naive ES patients.

Effect of sublingual nitrate on respiratory reflexes arising from stimulation of juxta-pulmonary capillary (J) receptors by i.v. lobeline and short duration exercise.

Juxta-pulmonary capillary (J or pulmonary C fiber) receptors are stimulated by an increase in pulmonary blood flow and give rise to respiratory acceleration and related sensations and inhibit exercise. However, the reverse, i.e.

Influence of codeine on lobeline-induced respiratory reflexes and sensations and on ventilation with exercise in healthy subjects.

In 15 healthy subjects, the effect of 60 mg oral codeine and placebo was examined on intravenously injected lobeline-elicited respiratory reflexes and sensations. Its influence was also studied on ventilation and appearance of distressful respiratory sensations with modest but incremental exercise. After placebo, tachypnoea and respiratory sensations were evoked with 12.

Complicated rectal prolapse in an infant: strangulated pararectal hernia.

Rectal prolapse is common in infants and children. It should initially be managed conservatively, as prolapse often resolves with the growth of the child. We encountered an 8-month-old infant with complete rectal prolapse associated with pararectal herniation of ileum between the 2 walls of the prolapsed rectum.

Influence of lower body negative pressure release on soleus H reflex, respiratory sensations and reflexes in human subjects.

Using a physiological model of acutely increasing venous return into the lungs, i.e. by applying and then releasing lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to mimic the natural stimulus of juxtapulmonary capillary (J) or pulmonary C fibre receptors, produced an immediate and significant reduction in the amplitude of the Hoffman (H) reflex by 81±4% (P=0.