Intraoral and transcutaneous point-of-care-ultrasound: an adjunct bedside tool for oral and maxillofacial clinicians.

Point-of-care-ultrasound (PoCUS) is performed by the clinician at the patient's bedside and is an essential diagnostic tool in many medical subspecialties, in hospital-based care, emergencies, trauma, and in general practice. A simple, novel approach for implementation of PoCUS of the oral cavity and maxillofacial complex is introduced. Relevant indications include differentiating abscess from cellulitis, detecting jaw and facial fractures, assessment of surgical complications, removing foreign bodies, and evaluating soft tissue masses.

Validation of TIRADS ACR Risk Assessment of Thyroid Nodules in Comparison to the ATA Guidelines.

Objectives: The prevalence of thyroid nodules in adults, detected by ultrasound (US), is reported as high as 68%. US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the test of choice used to determine the nature of the nodules. However, not more than 15% are found to be malignant.

Point Shear Wave Elastography for Assessing Liver Stiffness in Chronic Liver Diseases of Different Etiologies Compared to Biopsy.

Background: Point shear-wave elastography (pSWE) is a new method to assess the degree of liver fibrosis. It has been shown to be effective in detecting stiffness in viral hepatitis.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of pSWE for assessing liver stiffness and fibrosis in liver diseases of different etiologies.

Role of Doppler Ultrasound Combined With Clinical Features in the Diagnosis of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Dysfunction in the Era of Covered Stents.

Objectives: Our goal was to discuss the role of Doppler ultrasound (US), combined with clinical features, in the diagnosis of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) dysfunction in the era of covered stents. In light of the lack of research regarding the accuracy of Doppler US in TIPS dysfunction evaluations when using covered stents and a recent major meta-analysis, which primarily reviewed studies with bare metal stents but few with covered stents, we aimed to provide our single-center case study for further investigation.

Methods: All patients from 2010 to 2019 who underwent angiography for a covered stent preceded by a Doppler US examination in our institution were retrospectively reviewed.

Transthoracic parametric Doppler for bedside diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: A pilot study.

Transthoracic parametric Doppler (TPD), unlike conventional ultrasonography, measures signals originating from movements of pulmonary blood vessel walls. In this pilot study, we tested TPD in 15 patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism on computed tomography pulmonary angiography. Results were mapped to the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the right lung.

Ultrasound-Unenhanced CT Fusion for Detection and Localization of Ureteral Stones.

Objective: The standard of care for the diagnosis and follow-up of urolithiasis is unenhanced CT. The hypothesis of this study was that that by using image fusion of subsequent ultrasound (US) with the initial unenhanced CT, ureteral stones can be precisely localized.

Conclusion: Of the 25 stones founds on unenhanced CT studies, 22 (88%) were confidently identified using US-unenhanced CT fusion within 72 hours after the initial CT scan was obtained.

Sonographic evaluation of renovascular hypertension in the pediatric population: State-of-the-art.

Hypertension in children affects 2-5% of the pediatric population. Identifying secondary causes of hypertension is crucial, as some of these entities may be treatable. Renovascular hypertension accounts for 5-10% of the secondary causes of hypertension in children and is mainly related to fibromuscular dysplasia and neurofibromatosis type 1.

Sparing ultrasound in emergency department patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis by using clinical scores and D-dimer testing.

Purpose: To evaluate compliance with a management strategy for use in emergency department (ED) patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) based on Wells score (WS), D-dimer concentrations, and sonographic (US) examinations.

Methods: Retrospective and prospective data on risk factors, physical examination findings, D-dimer concentrations, and US results were collected and reviewed. The prevalence of DVT for each WS category and D-dimer level was calculated.

Impending Airway Compromise due to Cystic Hygroma.

We report on a 3-month-old infant, who arrived in the pediatric emergency department (ED) with a cervical cystic hygroma causing an impending compromise of the airway. We recognize that such a lesion can rapidly progress, and the judicious use of imaging in the ED may help to avoid airway compromise and possibly fatal complications.

Asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in advanced cancer patients: the value of venous sonography.

Purpose: Although guidelines for venous thromboembolism prevention are available, the implementation of anticoagulant prophylaxis in patients with advanced cancer has yet to be more clearly defined. We aim to determine the incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed by Doppler sonography (USD) in asymptomatic nonambulatory patients with advanced cancer.

Method: In a prospective study, 44 nonambulatory cancer patients with grade 3-4 World Health Organization performance status, asymptomatic for lower extremity DVT, underwent bilateral venous USD studies of the lower extremities.

From arteritis to mycotic aneurysm: visualization of the progression of mycotic aneurysm development following femoral arterial line insertion in an infant.

Although uncommon, mycotic aneurysms in infants can be lethal because of the high risk of rapid expansion and rupture. Most catheter-associated mycotic aneurysms reported in the first year of life develop following umbilical artery catheterizations. We describe the sonographic detection of an early stage mycotic aneurysm in a 4-month-old following femoral artery catheterization complicated by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) septicemia.

Sonographic detection of pneumothorax by radiology residents as part of extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of sonographic pneumothorax detection by radiology residents as a part of extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (eFAST).

Methods: In a prospective study, a sonographic search for pneumothoraces was performed as part of a standard FAST examination by the on-call resident. Each lung field was scanned at the second to fourth anterior intercostal spaces and the sixth to eighth midaxillary line intercostal spaces.

Left-sided perforated acute appendicitis in an adult with midgut malrotation: the role of computed tomography.

We report a case of left-sided perforated acute appendicitis in the patient with midgut malrotation. Embryology, clinical findings, and radiological presentation are discussed. Highly prevalent disease presents here in the unusual location and thus in the unusual presentation.

Diagnosing acute appendicitis in adults: accuracy of color Doppler sonography and MDCT compared with surgery and clinical follow-up.

Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of color Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced MDCT in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults and their utility as a triage tool in lower abdominal pain.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 420 consecutive adult patients, 271 women and 149 men, 18 years old or older, referred from the emergency department to sonography examination for clinically suspected acute appendicitis between January 2003 and June 2006. Patients underwent sonography of the right upper abdomen and pelvis followed by graded compression and color Doppler sonography of the right lower quadrant.

Sonographic evaluation of vascular injuries.

Objective: The purpose of this presentation is to highlight the color Doppler duplex sonographic features of procedure-related and blunt or penetrating trauma-related vascular injuries.

Methods: Different kinds of vascular complications such as pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas, dissection, and thrombosis are discussed. Cases of vascular injuries in the extremities, neck, and abdomen are presented to illustrate the spectrum of sonographic appearances.

The utility of focused assessment with sonography for trauma as a triage tool in multiple-casualty incidents during the second Lebanon war.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) as a triage tool in multiple-casualty incidents (MCIs) for a single international conflict.

Methods: The charts of 849 casualties that arrived at our level 1 trauma referral center were reviewed. Casualties were initially triaged according to the Injury Severity Score at the emergency department gate.

Prevalence of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis diagnosed by color Doppler duplex sonography in cancer patients with central venous catheters.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the literature concerning upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) diagnosed by color Doppler duplex sonography (CDDS) in cancer patients with indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs).

Methods: From computerized databases (MEDLINE and Ovid), relevant publications regarding CDDS of the upper limb veins in cancer patients with CVCs were reviewed.

Results: Patients with malignancy have a higher rate of thrombosis, which is increased by the presence of CVCs.

Esophageal varices: evaluation with esophagography with barium versus endoscopic gastroduodenoscopy in patients with compensated cirrhosis--blinded prospective study.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of esophagography with barium in diagnosis of esophageal varices (EV) in patients with compensated cirrhosis, with endoscopic gastroduodenoscopy as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: In this study, which was approved by the local Helsinki Committee and in which all patients consented to participate, 61 patients with cirrhosis (34 men, 27 women; mean age, 61 years; range, 36-76 years) received a diagnosis clinically or with liver biopsy. In 87% (n = 53) of patients, Child-Pugh classification was A; in 13% (n = 8), Child-Pugh classification was B.