NLRP3 Deficiency in Nonimmune Cells Averts Obesity-Induced Fatty Liver Disease.

Obesity predisposes to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests a complex role of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome function in multiple manifestations of the metabolic syndrome, with contradictory results. Its broad expression and pleiotropic functions during obesity led us to investigate the contribution of its expression in nonimmune versus immune cells to the development of obesity and MAFLD.

Comparing the efficacy of antimicrobial pocket-irrigation protocols in an in vivo breast implant infection model.

Background: Breast implant infection and biofilm formation are major concerns in reconstructive and esthetic breast surgery, with significant medical and economic consequences. Staphylococcus is the common pathogen, with rapidly increasing rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There is no consensus on prevention practices.

Long-Term Survival and Functional Recovery of Cryopreserved Vascularized Groin Flap and Below-the-Knee Rat Limb Transplants.

Effective cryopreservation of large tissues, limbs, and organs has the potential to revolutionize medical post-trauma reconstruction options and organ preservation and transplantation procedures. To date, vitrification and directional freezing are the only viable methods for long-term organ or tissue preservation, but are of limited clinical relevance. This work aimed to develop a vitrification-based approach that will enable the long-term survival and functional recovery of large tissues and limbs following transplantation.

A Closed-system Technology for Mechanical Isolation of High Quantities of Stromal Vascular Fraction from Fat for Immediate Clinical Use.

Unlabelled: Adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is increasingly used in the clinic. SVF separation from fat by enzymatic disruption is currently the gold standard for SVF isolation. However, enzymatic SVF isolation is time-consuming (~1.

Reduced culture temperature attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory response facilitating expansion and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) expansion under atmospheric oxygen levels (21%) was previously shown to cause increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and genetic instability compared to cells cultured under physiological oxygen levels (2-8%). However, since culture under physiological oxygen levels is costly and complicated, a simpler method to reduce ROS accumulation is desirable. The current study aimed to determine whether lower culture temperature can reduce ROS production in ASCs without impairing their culture expansion.

Cryopreservation of Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Reduces Their Counts but Not Their Stem Cell Potency.

Unlabelled: Adipose-derived stem cells are derived from the nonfat component of adipose tissue termed the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The use of freshly isolated autologous SVF cells as an alternative to adult stem cells is becoming more common. Repeated SVF administration for improved clinical outcomes is complicated by the need for repeated liposuction.

Cryopreservation and Transplantation of Vascularized Composite Transplants: Unique Challenges and Opportunities.

Vascularized composite allotransplantation is the ultimate reconstructive tool when no other means of reconstruction are available. Despite its immense potential, the applicability of vascularized composite allotransplantation is hampered by high rejection rates and the requirement for high doses of immunosuppressive drugs that are associated with severe adverse effects and death. Because this is a non-life-saving procedure, widespread use of vascularized composite allotransplantation demands methods that will allow the reduction or elimination of immunosuppressive therapy.

Epicutaneous Exposure to Peanut Oil Induces Systemic and Pulmonary Allergic Reaction in Mice.

Background: The prevalence of peanut allergy (PA) is constantly on the rise. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a major risk factor for developing food allergy. Some bath oils and skin creams used for treating AD contain peanut oil, and it has been suggested that exposure to peanut allergens through a disrupted skin barrier is a potential cause of PA.

Fas-L promotes the stem cell potency of adipose-derived mesenchymal cells.

Fas-L is a TNF family member known to trigger cell death. It has recently become evident that Fas-L can transduce also non-apoptotic signals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are derived from various adult tissues.

Immunological and inflammatory mapping of vascularized composite allograft rejection processes in a rat model.

Background: Hand and face vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an evolving and challenging field with great opportunities. During VCA, massive surgical damage is inflicted on both donor and recipient tissues, which may contribute to the high VCA rejection rates. To segregate between the damage-induced and rejection phase of post-VCA responses, we compared responses occurring up to 5 days following syngeneic versus allogeneic vascularized groin flap transplantations, culminating in transplant acceptance or rejection, respectively.

Aging leads to impaired epicutaneous sensitization that causes attenuated allergy and pulmonary inflammation in mice.

Aging is associated with altered decreased barrier function in the skin, which can lead to different types of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated sensitization to environmental allergens. Yet, allergen-specific respiratory sensitization among the elderly is not well described. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aging on allergic pulmonary inflammation induced by epicutaneous sensitization of mechanically irritated skin in mice.

Power-Assisted Liposuction Versus Tissue Resection for the Isolation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Phenotype, Senescence, and Multipotency at Advanced Passages.

Background: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) can be isolated from subcutaneous fat harvested by tissue resection or liposuction.

Objectives: The authors compared ASCs isolated by tissue resection or power-assisted liposuction (PAL) to determine whether either surgical procedure yielded ASCs with improved purity and competence that was preserved for several passages.

Methods: For this experimental study, ASCs were isolated from fat harvested by tissue resection or PAL from six patients who underwent abdominoplasty.

Relative genomic stability of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells: analysis of ploidy, H19 long non-coding RNA and p53 activity.

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent and have been derived from various tissues. Although MSCs share many basic features, they often display subtle tissue specific differences. We previously demonstrated that bone marrow (BM) MSCs frequently become polyploid in culture.

Polyploidization of murine mesenchymal cells is associated with suppression of the long noncoding RNA H19 and reduced tumorigenicity.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are used extensively in clinical trials; however, the possibility that MSCs have a potential for malignant transformation was raised. We examined the genomic stability versus the tumor-forming capacity of multiple mouse MSCs. Murine MSCs have been shown to be less stable and more prone to malignant transformation than their human counterparts.

Mitochondria as a sequestration site for incomplete TCRβ peptides: the TCRβ transmembrane domain is a sufficient mitochondrial targeting signal.

The existence of incomplete T cell receptor (TCR) mRNA forms, including germline transcripts and products of unfruitful TCR rearrangements, has long been known. However, it is unclear whether these molecules are functional. We have previously shown that T cells also contain truncated TCRβ peptides that lack the N-terminal part and contain C-terminus sequences.

Oxidized cellulose binding to allergens with a carbohydrate-binding module attenuates allergic reactions.

Grass and mite allergens are of the main causes of allergy and asthma. A carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) represents a common motif to groups I (β-expansin) and II/III (expansin-like) grass allergens and is suggested to mediate allergen-IgE binding. House dust mite group II allergen (Der p 2 and Der f 2) structures bear strong similarity to expansin's CBM, suggesting their ability to bind carbohydrates.

Incomplete T-cell receptor-beta peptides target the mitochondrion and induce apoptosis.

The default pathway of cell-surface T-cell receptor (TCR) complex formation, and the subsequent transport to the membrane, is thought to entail endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization followed by proteasome degradation of the unassembled chains. We show herein an alternative pathway: short, incomplete peptide versions of TCRbeta naturally occur in the thymus. Such peptides, which have minimally lost the leader sequence or have been massively truncated, leaving only the very C terminus intact, are sorted preferentially to the mitochondrion.

Targeting the bone marrow with activin A-overexpressing embryonic multipotent stromal cells specifically modifies B lymphopoiesis.

In vitro and in vivo studies implicate a series of cytokines in regulation of lymphohematopoiesis. However, direct indications for a local role of most of these cytokines within the bone marrow is lacking. In the present study, we aimed to test the contribution of a specific cytokine, activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family, to lymphohematopoiesis in mouse bone marrow.