Ureteral triplication and contralateral duplication with vesicoureteral reflux.

Ureteral triplication is a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary tract. Since the first description by Warny in 1870, approximately 100 known cases have been reported in the literature, often accompanied by a variety of associated anomalies in contralateral kidney. This report presents a case of ureteral triplication with contralateral duplication and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of the upper moiety on the triplicate side.

SPHERE-based assessment of knowledge and preventive measures related to malaria among the displaced population of Jalozai, Pakistan.

Objectives: To assess the level of awareness regarding malaria, the availability of preventive material and its use in a camp for the internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Pakistan, using SPHERE standards and indicators.

Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Jalozai from March to Novemeber 2010. Systematic random sampling was done with a sample size of 116 families (10% of Phase II).